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RESEARCH PROGRESS OF SOLID-STATE HYDROGEN STORAGE TEACHNOLOGY
Zhang Xiaofei, Jiang Lijun, Ye Jianhua, Wu Yuanfang, Guo Xiumei, Li Zhinian, Li Haiwen
2022, 43 (6): 345-354.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0536
Abstract1006)      PDF (1989KB)(275)      
The research progress of solid-state hydrogen storage technology is reviewed, including hydrogen storage materials, hydrogen storage devices and application status. Some hydrogen storage alloys have been successfully used in solid-state hydrogen storage devices. The high-capacity reversible hydrogen storage materials under mild hydrogen absorption and desorption conditions is the focus of current research and development. The optimized design of the hydrogen storage device effectively improves the rapid heat transfer characteristics and the safety performance. Hydrogen storage devices have been applied in the fields of distributed energy supply and motor vehicles. However, it is still necessary to further realize the coordination of rapid response, safety, reliability, and high hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage system.
RESEARCH STATUS AND APPLICATION PROSPECT OF PEM ELECTROLYSIS WATER TECHNOLOGY FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
Ma Xiaofeng, Zhang Shuhan, He Yong, Zhu Yanqun, Wang Zhihua
2022, 43 (6): 420-427.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0360
Abstract904)      PDF (1862KB)(351)      
Based on the performance differences and advantages and disadvantages of four kinds of water electrolysis hydrogen production technologies, the research status of membrane electrode, porous transport layer and bipolar plate in PEM electrolytic cell is summarized and prospected. Finally, combining with the advantages of PEM electrolytic water hydrogen production technology, the cost trend of this technology is analyzed and the application scenarios and development direction of this technology are predicted.
OPTIMIZATION OF A HELIOSTAT FIELD LAYOUT USING ADAPTIVE GRAVITY SEARCH ALGORITHM
Gao Bo, Liu Jianxing, Sun Hao, Liu Erlin
2022, 43 (10): 119-125.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0397
Abstract680)      PDF (3269KB)(351)      
To solve the problem of heliostat field layout optimization in tower CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) station, a method based on AGSA (Adaptive Gravity Search Algorithm) is proposed. According to the Campo layout rules, a dense initial heliostat field 1.5 times larger than the target heliostat field is established,and the radius of each row of heliostats is used as an input variable and the annual average efficiency is used as the evaluation criterion for the optimal layout of the heliostat field. In addition, a dynamic adjustment factor α is introduced into the gravitational search algorithm, which improves the algorithm's ability to solve high-dimensional search problems. Finally,taking the heliostat field of Gemasolar in Sevilla as an example to optimize the layout, and the results have suggested that the heliostat field optimized by the AGSA has a higher average annual efficiency.
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PREDICTION BASED ON COMBINED XGBOOST-LSTM MODEL
Tan Haiwang, Yang Qiliang, Xing Jiangchun, Huang Kefeng, Zhao Shuo, Hu Haoyu
2022, 43 (8): 75-81.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0005
Abstract593)      PDF (1694KB)(185)      
A combination model based on XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting) model and LSTM(Long Short Term Memory) model is proposed in this paper. According to the characteristics of short-term photovoltaic power generation, the XGBoost model and the LSTM model are established respectively in the first place. Then, the XGBoost model is used for preliminary prediction to add features, and the error reciprocal method is used to combine the two models for prediction. Data sets from 2018 big data processing and analysis contest of photovoltaic power station artificial intelligence operation and maintenance are selected for experimental evaluation. The final result shows that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the constructed XGBoost-LSTM combination model is 0.214. Compared with the Random Forest, GBDT model, XGBoost model, LSTM model, the proposed method has higher prediction accuracy.
NEW ADVANCEMENTS OF BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC/THERMAL SYSTEM(BIPV/T)
Wang Jun, Yu Bendong, Wang Chuyao, Ji Jie
2022, 43 (6): 72-78.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2020-1029
Abstract555)      PDF (1780KB)(152)      
To address the existing problems on solar building integration, some novel concepts, methods and functions of the comprehensive utilization of BIPV/T are proposed. They can not only improve the comprehensive utility efficiency of solar building integration, reduce cost, but also make solar energy more functional and more efficient all year round. The paper introduces relevant new achievements of University of Science and Technology of China, including principles, functions, and efficiencies of the BIPV/Water system, CdTe(cadmium telluride) PV-ventilation system, composite passive BIPV/T-wall system, BIPV/T-catalytic/sterilization wall system, which expand new ways of research and application of solar building integration. The results provide novel methods to realize large-scale applications of solar buildings and create a healthy and comfortable indoor environment.
HEAT CONDUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SANDS AND APPARENT THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY PREDICTIVE CORRELATION MODEL
Chu Zhaoxiang, Wang Yijiang, Zhao Guangsi, Dong Kaijun, Sun Qin, Wang Zegui
2022, 43 (5): 1-9.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2020-0932
Abstract507)      PDF (2825KB)(70)      
The steady state heat conduction processes of multi-phase (solid-liquid-gas) and porous/granular sandy soil were simulated via finite element method (COMSOL Multiphysics) in a periodic unit cell under ideal assumptions, based on which the heat conduction characteristics and change laws of its effective thermal conductivity (ETC) were obtained. The results indicate that the ETC of the unit cell decreases with the porosity while increases with the saturation, and the decrease and increase tendencies, however, slow down gradually, showing good agreements with existing theoretical and experimental studies. The adversely calculated ETC using the simulated results under the combination of boundary conditions of constant wall temperature + adiabatic boundary + the third Robin boundary condition has the best performance. Based on the numerical experiment results, the established exponent/power-law function between the ETC of sand and porosity, saturation provides higher coincidence degree with experimental regression model in low and high saturation region. Compared with theoretical and experimental research, the numerical simulation/experiment can effectively capture the microscopic heat conduction characteristics of sands and establish the ETC predictive correlation model using basic soil physical parameters with acceptable accuracy.
FORMATION MECHANISM AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF COLD ISLAND EFFECT OF AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMPS
Guo Zhengdao, Xu Qiangqiang, Chen Jinpeng, Wu Jianghong
2022, 43 (10): 7-8.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0138
Abstract470)      PDF (2871KB)(54)      
The formation mechanism and influencing factors of cold island effect of air-source heat pumps (ASHP) were studied by means of fluid simulation and field test. Both the field test and simulation in a real unit in Changchun show that when there are surrounding buildings and ambient wind is 4.92 m/s, the cold exhaust air will affect the downstream air temperature and inlet air temperature of finned tube, making the inlet air temperature of finned tube decrease by 0.15-0.18 K. The heat transfer flux, fan flowrate, the outdoor unit accumulation, ambient wind and building shape are the main factors influencing the cold island effect of ASHP. The degree of cold island effect has a positive correlation with the heat transfer flux and a negative correlation with the fan flowrate. In the case of no ambient wind and buildings, the cold exhaust air diffuses along the ground to the environment. Under the condition of no ambient wind, when the heat transfer flux is 52.8 kW and the fan flowrate is 3.4 kg/s, the recirculation start time is 38 s, the final cold recirculation rate is 28%, and the temperature difference between ambient temperature and inlet air temperature of finned tube is 6.08 K.
MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN OF THREE-LEVEL BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER ADAPTED TO DC NEW ENERGY AND ENERGY STORAGE ACCESS
Luan Siping, Su Shi, Yang Zhou, Zhu Zhen, Yan Gefei, Ma Fujun
2022, 43 (4): 56-65.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0252
Abstract459)      PDF (2178KB)(78)      
In order to solve the access of new energy generation/energy storage devices, in this paper a cascaded three-level Buck-Boost converter is taken as the research object. The topology can achieve the access of new energy generation/energy storage devices with high power and wide range of input voltage. Firstly, the working principle of cascaded three-level buck-boost converter is analyzed. Based on the charging and discharging of energy storage devices, there are two operating modes: Buck mode and Boost mode, and the small-signal average model of cascaded three-level buck-boost chopper is deduced respectively. Secondly, considering the midpoint voltage balance problem, the influence of the duty-cycle difference Δ D on the system is analyzed, and through the Bode diagram, it is concluded that the influence of Δ D is great only in the low frequency band of Boost mode, but not in the high frequency band of Buck mode and Boost mode. Then, according to the small signal model of the system, the controller is designed, and the differences between the PI controller and the TypeⅢ controller are compared. It is concluded that the TypeⅢ controller has greater control bandwidth and stability. Finally, the effect and characteristics of two controllers are verified by simulation.
PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS ON SOLAR ENERGY RESOURCE EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN CHINA
Yao Yubi, Zheng Shaozhong, Yang Yang, Zhang Min, Zhao Jifeng, Li Qiang
2022, 43 (10): 524-535.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0141
Abstract440)      PDF (1178KB)(109)      
Around the research on the distribution characteristics, resource potential assessment and utilization efficiency of solar energy resources, this paper summarizes the main achievements of solar resource assessment and utilization efficiency research from the estimation and distribution characteristics, potential assessment, utilization methods and efficiency of solar energy resource, photovoltaic power generation efficiency evaluation, and impact of climate factors on photovoltaic power generation efficiency under climate change in China. Combined with the international frontiers, hot issues and the demand for social and economic development of relevant research, the deficiencies and problems existing in the solar energy research are analyzed. Then puts forward the research orientations of solar energy resource assessment and utilization in China in the future, such as strengthening the study on new characteristics of solar energy resource changes over strong solar radiation areas under climate change, intensifying the evaluation on solar power generation efficiency, deepening the research on the impact of climate factors on the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and its mechanism under climate change, refining the evaluation of solar energy development potential, improving the system for estimating the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, and promoting green, low-carbon social and economic development in China.
DEVELOPMENT TREND AND APPLICATION PROSPECT OF GREEN HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES UNDER CARBON NEUTRALITY VISION
Li Liangrong, Peng Jian, Fu Bing, Huang Yulin, Jiang Hui, Qi Haixia
2022, 43 (6): 508-520.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0183
Abstract418)      PDF (1497KB)(155)      
Focusing on the current mainstream key technologies of green hydrogen production, this paper reviews the latest research progress of green hydrogen technologies at home and abroad, and focuses on the hydrogen production principles, technical difficulties and improvement methods of electrolytic water hydrogen production technology (alkaline electrolytic water method, proton exchange membrane electrolysis water method, solid oxide electrolysis water method), solar decomposition water hydrogen production technology (photocatalytic method, photo-thermal decomposition method, photoelectric chemical method) and biomass hydrogen production technology (thermochemical conversion method, microbial method). In addition, the characteristics of various‘green hydrogen’technologies are discussed and compared. Finally, the application prospects and development directions of green hydrogen production technologies in the future are analyzed.
APPLICATION PROSPECT ANALYSIS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY IN COUNTY-WIDE ROOFTOP PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
Li Jianlin, Fang Zhijin, Tan Yuliang, Qi Zhixin, Chen Mingxuan, Ma Suliang
2022, 43 (4): 1-12.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0084
Abstract408)      PDF (1906KB)(41)      
Rooftop distributed photovoltaic (PV) has been widely used as a power source for "self-generation" and "surplus online", and with the strong support of national policies, PV power generation technology and energy storage technology are gradually becoming a major industry. First, this paper starts from the support policy and pilot application of rooftop distributed PV, and then proposes the core technologies of energy storage in the development of rooftop PV for the whole county system according to the analysis of the current problems of rooftop distributed PV development: scenario generation and evaluation of rooftop PV and energy storage, coordinated power generation control of rooftop distributed light and storage system, economic efficiency, convergence technology, and rooftop distributed PV security technology. Finally, the outlook on future rooftop distributed PV and energy storage technologies is carried out which provides suggestions for the development of rooftop PV and energy storage industries in China.
SUITABILITY OF MODELS FOR DAILY GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION ESTIMATION IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES OF CHINA AND OPTIMIZATION OF GENERAL MODELS
Zhou Yong, Liu Yanfeng, Wang Dengjia, Liu Xiaojun
2022, 43 (9): 1-7.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0217
Abstract403)      PDF (3005KB)(104)      
Using the daily meteorological data during 1981-2010 from 96 meteorological station in five different climatic zones of China, 12 sunshine-based and 12 temperature-based daily global solar radiation models were compared and analyzed to determine the suitability of these models in different climatic zones. Five evaluation indexes, including determination of coefficient (R 2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute bias error (MABE), mean bias error (MBE) and global performance index (GPI), were adopted to determine the optimal model forms in different climatic zones. Based on these models, the sunshine-based and temperature-based generalized global solar radiation estimation models suitable for different climatic zones of China were developed. The results showed that the cubic sunshine-based and temperature diurnal- and average temperature-based models performed the best in each zone, furthermore, the generalized models based on the two models yielded high accuracy with average R 2 of 0.91 and 0.68.
RECENT PROGRESS OF SHORT-TERM FORECASTING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION BASED ON ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Jia Lingyun, Yun Sining, Zhao Zeni, Li Honglian, Wang Shangyu, Yang Liu
2022, 43 (12): 88-97.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0501
Abstract386)      PDF (1612KB)(132)      
Accurate short-term forecasting of photovoltaic generation is crucial to ensure power dispatching and large-scale photovoltaic grid connection. This review paper presents an extensive review on recent progress in the short-term forecasting of solar power generation. The correlation analysis of various meteorological factors affecting on solar power generation is implemented. The artificial neural network models and deep learning models for solar power forecasting are summarized and reviewed. The solar irradiance is the main meteorological parameter affecting the accuracy of forecasting models. In the short-term forecasting of solar power generation, both neural network models and hybrid models demonstrate a satisfactory prediction accuracy, whereas the hybrid models perform better than the single forecasting models in the prediction accuracy.
APPLICATION ANALYSIS OF WANKEL EXPANDER FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE
Li Peiyun, Meng Jinlong, Wang Wen, Weng Yiwu
2023, 44 (2): 1-8.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-1015
Abstract381)      PDF (1822KB)(48)      
The operation mechanism of the Wankel expander in organic Rankine cycle are analyzed theoretically and the performance of the expander is simulated by developed thermodynamics model considering leakage among chambers. With R245fa as the working fluid, several thermodynamic parameters of the expander are discussed in a completed working cycle, and the structure parameters of chamber profile including shape factor, rotor profile, intake angle, eccentric distance and wheelbase coefficient are discussed as well. The results show that the Wankel expander can achieve a large expansion ratio, and all the discussed factors can take significant impacts on working performance induding mass flow rate, output power, expansion pressure ration, and volumetric efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to select optimized parameters for satisfiing performance of the expander in future application.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF ANNEALING PROCESS ON THERMAL STRESSES AND DISLOCATIONS IN SILICON INGOTS
Han Bo, Li Jin, An Baijun, Xu Zunhao, Shi Xingyu
2023, 44 (1): 1-7.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0789
Abstract365)      PDF (2009KB)(102)      
With CGSim software, this study performs transient numerical simulation of the process of directionally solidified polysilicon from the beginning of crystal growth to the end of annealing, and investigates the effects of different annealing temperatures and time on the thermal stress and dislocation density in polysilicon ingots. The dislocation and Von-Mises stress are calculated by using an unsteady model of the thermo-elastic stresses (Haasen-Alexander-Sumino model). The results of this study demonstrated that with the increase in annealing temperatures and time, the thermal stress and dislocation multiplication rate will reduce gradually, after annealing for 1 h, they will decrease greatly, and after annealing for 1 h, the decrease effect will be greatly weakened. The thermal stress and dislocation density under high-temperature annealing are lower than under low-temperature annealing, and annealing at 1250 ℃ for 3 h is a suitable scheme.
RESEARCH ON APPLICABILITY OF CLEAR-SKY MODELS IN NORTHERN CHINA—TAKING SOME REGIONS IN HEBEI AND GANSU AS EXAMPLES
Liu Xiao, Yang Liwei, Hua Jiajia, Gao Xiaoqing, Jia Dongyu
2023, 44 (3): 1-7.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-1189
Abstract362)      PDF (1453KB)(56)      
In order to study the applicability of clear-sky models in northern China, this study uses 1-minute global horizontal solar irradiance and MERRA-2 reanalysis data from seven stations in Northern China, selects the Reno method to filter clear-sky periods, evaluates the performance of seven clear-sky models by eleven statistics, and adopts the principal component analysis method to rank the models. The results, ranked in descending order (from high to low) are as follows: MAC2, REST2V5, BIRD, INEICHEN, IQBAL-C, sSOLIS, ESRA. The MAC2 and REST2V5 models have high accuracy in calculating solar radiation in clear sky and have good applicability in northern regions.
ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH OF NEW BIDIRECTIONAL ENERGY STORAGE CONVERTER
Zhang Yaowen, Zhang Zhengquan, Liu Qingxiang, Ou Weili
2022, 43 (4): 82-89.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2020-0183
Abstract362)      PDF (3291KB)(34)      
The traditional two-stage energy storage converter has a DC support capacitor, and the electric energy needs to be converted multiple times, which leads to converter failure, reduced reliability and efficiency. To solve this problem, a new bidirectional energy storage converter based on high frequency AC link technology is proposed. The working principle of the converter is introduced in detail in this paper. On this basis, a feasible control algorithm is proposed based on the idea of charge distribution, and a Matlab/Simulink simulation model is established to verify the topology and control algorithm. Simulation results show that the topology can obtain stable output waveforms in off/grid mode, with a power factor greater than 0.99 and THD less than 3%. It can be applied to the cooperative work of the optical / storage microgrid and photovoltaic power generation system to effectively suppress photovoltaics Power fluctuations caused by the power generation system.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SEASONAL COOL STORAGE TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF SYSTEM
Chen Mingbiao, Song Wenji, Wang Yingying, Fu Dekun, Feng Ziping
2022, 43 (6): 1-7.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2020-1043
Abstract361)      PDF (1687KB)(71)      
Considering that the current heating and cooling technology is usually high energy consuming and low usability, seasonal cool storage technology based on ice source heat pump is proposed. By comparison of 5 cases, system model is built. Energy consumption and economic benefits are quantitatively evaluated in different districts. It is found:1)Primary energy consumption and pollutant emissions of Case 3, 4 and 5 are at least 50% lower than Case 1 or 2; 2)Seasonal cool storage technology can increase the yearly COP. The storage effeciency and No. of storage cycles in seasonal cool storage can reach 96% and 2.1; 3)Shanghai is appropriate for ice heat pump. Beijing is appropriate for seasonal cool storage. Shenyang is appropriate for central heating system; 4)For the large building more than 30000 m 2 in Beijing, the incremental payback period of Case 3 is only about 3 years.
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES ATTACHED CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCE IN ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Liu Yujie, Zhao Wei, Sun Xiaofeng, Wang Baocheng, Li Xin
2023, 44 (8): 1-9.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0492
Abstract351)      PDF (2335KB)(5)      
This article proposed a model improvement method based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit model, which was carried out under testing conditions of missing temperature sample and fewer discharge current sample. And a BP neural network was constructed to predict the terminal voltage error of the model in a wide range of temperature and current rates, in order to achieve dynamic compensation of the model. This method can avoid the loss of cycle life caused by repeated charging and discharging experiments of lithium-ion batteries. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed small sample data expansion method is feasible; The battery model with an additional controllable voltage source has better adaptability at different temperatures and current rates, improving the accuracy of the model. Through model analysis, batteries are screened to form a cascade utilization energy storage system, and combined with battery models to achieve SOC prediction and heat warning. The model has practical engineering significance for the application of new energy generation battery energy storage systems.
PROBABILISTIC POWER FLOW ANALYSIS METHOD FOR POWER SYSTEM WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY BASED ON SECURITY REGION THEORY
Li Weiqi, Wang Weiqing, Wang Haiyun, Wu Jiahui, Zhang Yongchao
2022, 43 (8): 1-7.    doi: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2020-0453
Abstract340)      PDF (1969KB)(36)      
Aiming at the problem that the original probabilistic power flow analysis method of electric power systems with renewable energy is inefficient and cannot reflect the impact of fluctuations on the system as a whole, this paper proposed an improved probabilistic power flow analysis method based on steady-state security region theory. Firstly, the probability power flow of the tested system is calculated by the maximum entropy methods. Furthermore, the influence of the probability fluctuation of renewable energy on the steady-state security of the tested system is analyzed by the effective boundary identification method and evaluated by the steady-state security distance index. Finally, the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method are verified by analyzing Hami regional power grid in Xinjiang.