为获得斯特林发动机的动态特性和优化方案,将损失机制和压力梯度耦合进控制方程中,提出一维瞬态斯特林循环分析模型及分析方法,并针对GPU-3斯特林发动机进行模型验证和特性分析。模型的指示功率相对误差平均值约为4.8%,热效率的相对误差小于1%。当氦气工质在热源温度为977 K、平均压强为2.76 MPa时,输出功率随转速的升高先增大后减小,同时流动阻力损失由0.174 kW上升至3.179 kW,最佳运行转速范围约2500~3000 r/min。最大的3项损失分别为流动阻力损失、配气活塞穿梭传热损失和有限速度压力损失。回热器压降占总压降的90%以上,瞬态值高达188 kPa,减小回热器压降损失是减小流动阻力损失的有效途径。
Abstract
In order to optimize design of Stirling engines, a transient model is proposed, based on basic control equations coupled with loss mechanism and pressure gradient synchronously, and the model is verified by experimental data of a GPU-3 Stirling engine. The results show that the average relative error is 4.8% between numerical and experimental results for indicated power, and it is less than 1% for the relative error of thermal efficiency. The peak of indicated power occurs at 3000 r/min for an average helium pressure of 2.76 MPa and heating temperature of 977 K, and the friction resistance loss increases from 0.174 kW to 3.179 kW with rotational speed increasing, demonstrating the optimal operating speed ranges 2500-3000 r/min. The three main losses are the friction resistance loss, displacer shuttle heat transfer loss and finite speed pressure loss. The pressure drop on regenerator accounts for more than 90% of the total, with a transient value of 188 kPa, indicating it is an effective way to alleviate flow resistance loss by optimizing a regenerator.
关键词
斯特林发动机 /
数值模拟 /
瞬态分析 /
振荡流动
Key words
Stirling engine /
numerical simulation /
transient analysis /
oscillating flow
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2017YFA0205700）
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