针对偏航工况下风力机叶片与流场之间的相互作用而产生的变形影响叶片绕流流场问题,基于叶片变形对不同偏航工况下水平轴风力机叶片绕流流场进行双向流固耦合数值计算,分析偏航工况对风力机叶片变形和表面应力的影响,在此基础上研究不同偏航工况对叶片绕流流场的影响。结果表明,不同叶片上的变形和应力呈现不均匀性,且随偏航角增大,不均匀性增大;随风速和叶尖速比增大,叶片最大变形量对应呈增大和减小的趋势;随偏航角增大,叶根最大应力集中区域逐渐减小,叶片后缘应力逐渐减小。沿叶片展向,从叶根到叶尖,轴向速度逐渐增加,叶尖增大的程度较叶根大,随偏航角增大,叶尖位置的轴向速度增大的程度降低;涡量逐渐减小,随偏航角增大,对叶尖涡量影响较中心涡量大;湍动能总体呈先减小后增大的趋势,且当偏航角为5°~25°时在相对半径0.6R（R为风轮半径）位置处为最小,偏航30°在0.7R处为最小。
Abstract
Flow field around the horizontal axis wind turbine blades was calculated numerically by two-way of fluid-solid coupling method based on the blade deformation under different working condition in order to study the influence of flow field around on the blades deformation which was resulted by the interaction between wind blade and flow field around in the yaw condition. And the influence the yaw condition on the deformation and surface stress of wind blade was also analyzed. Furthermore, the variation of flow field around the blade under yaw working condition was studied. The results indicated that non-uniform characteristic was displayed with different deformation and stress on the different blades and this non-uniform level was increased with the increasing of yaw angle. The maximum deformation of blade was increased when the wind speed was raised while tip speed ratio was declined. When the yaw angle became larger, both the area of maximum stress concentration at blade root and the stress at blade rear edge were decreased gradually. Meanwhile, the axial velocity was increasing from the blade root to the blade tip along with the blade spread. And this increasing degree of axial velocity at blade tip was more than that at blade root with yaw angle raise. But the increasing degree of the axial velocity was declined at blade tip in this working condition. And the vorticity of flow field was decreasing and the influence of the vorticity at blade tip was more than that of the vorticity in the center. The tendency that decreasing first and then increasing of the turbulent kinetic energy was displayed generally. Specifically, the minimum vorticity was found at the position 0.6R relative radius with the yaw angle changed from 5° to 25°. When the yaw angle was 30° the minimum vorticity was at 0.7R position.
关键词
风力机 /
偏航 /
叶片变形 /
流固耦合 /
叶片绕流
Key words
wind turbines /
yaw /
deformation /
fluid-solid /
flow field around blade
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52066013）; 内蒙古自然科学基金（2020MS05067）
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