首先通过理论分析,研究风力机偏航运行时叶片各翼型的攻角变化规律,建立翼型俯仰运动模型;然后基于大涡模拟（LES）方法,研究偏航工况下叶片翼型的动态气动特性。结果表明：风轮在偏航工况下运行时,叶片各截面翼型攻角变化呈近似的正余弦规律;叶片不同展向位置翼型均发生不同程度的流动分离,出现动态失速现象,越靠近叶根,由偏航引起的动态迟滞效应越明显;翼型俯仰过程中,吸力面前缘分离泡的动态变化过程,导致吸力面前缘压力出现小范围的剧烈振荡,增大流动的不稳定性。
Abstract
Though theoretical analysis, the variation rules of attack Angle of each blade airfoil during yaw operation were studied, and the airfoil pitch movement model was established. Then, the dynamic aerodynamic characteristics of the blade airfoil under yaw conditions were studied based on the LES method. The results showed that the attack angle of each blade section was changeable with approximate sine or cosine regularity when the wind turbines are running under yaw conditions. Different degrees of flow separation occurred with different spanwise positions of the blades, appeared dynamic stall phenomenon, and closer to the blade root, the dynamic hysteresis effect was becoming more obvious. The dynamic change of the separation bubbles of suction-side front edge leads to the pressure of which have vicious oscillation in small areas, which increases the instability of the flow.
关键词
风力机 /
叶片 /
偏航 /
翼型 /
数值模拟 /
迟滞效应
Key words
wind turbines /
blades /
yaw /
airfoil /
numerical simulation /
hysteresis effect
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] MAHESH B, JAY A.Variability of the wind turbine power curve[J]. Applied sciences, 2016, 6(9): 262-270.
[2] JEONG M S, KIM S W, LEE I, et al.The impact of yaw error on aeroelastic characteristics of a horizontal axis wind turbine blade[J]. Renewable energy, 2013, 60(DEC): 256-268.
[3] 何玉林, 刘卫, 李奇敏. 稳态偏航状态的风力机风轮气动力研究[J]. 机械设计, 2010, 27(4): 79-83.
HE Y L, LIU W, LI Q M.Research on the aerodynamic of the wind turbine in the state of steady yaw[J]. Journal of machine design, 2010, 27(4): 79-83.
[4] 周强. 水平轴风力机偏航与翼型动态失速的数值模拟[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2018.
ZHOU Q.Numerical simulation of horizontal-axis wind turbine under yaw condition and airfoil dynamic stall[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2018.
[5] HAND M M, SIMMS D A, FINGERSH L J, et al.Unsteady aerodynamics experiment phase VI: Wind tunnel test configurations and available data campaigns[R]. NREL/TP-500-29955, 2001.
[6] 石亚丽, 左红梅, 杨华, 等. 偏航角对风力机气动性能的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(16): 78-85.
SHI Y L, ZUO H M, YANG H, et al.Aerodynamic performance of wind turbine under different yaw angles[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(16): 78-85.
[7] YU D O, YOU J Y, KWON O J.Numerical investigation of unsteady aerodynamics of a horizontal-axis wind turbine under yawed flow conditions[J]. Wind energy, 2013, 16(5): 711-727.
[8] SCHRECK S, ROBINSON M.Blade three-dimensional dynamic stall response to wind turbine operating condition[J]. Journal of solar energy engineering, 2003, 127(4): 488-495.
[9] MUELLER-VAHL H F, PECHLIVANOGLOU G, NAYERI C N, et al. Matched pitch rate extensions to dynamic stall on rotor blades[J]. Renewable energy, 2016, 105(5): 505-519.
[10] 叶昭良, 王晓东, 尹佐明, 等. 动态偏航过程中风轮非定常气动特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2019, 40(3): 565-572.
YE Z L, WANG X D, YIN Z M, et al.Unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine under dynamic yaw[J]. Journal of engineering thermophysics, 2019, 40(3): 565-572.
[11] 查顾兵, 竺晓程, 沈昕, 等. 水平轴风力机在偏航情况下动态失速模型分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2009, 30(9): 1297-1300.
ZHA G B, ZHU X C, SHEN X, et al.Dynamic stall modelling of horizontal axis wind turbine in yaw condition[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2009, 30(9): 1297-1300.
[12] HUYER S A, SIMMS D, ROBINSON M C.Unsteady aerodynamics associated with a horizontal-axis wind turbine[J]. AIAA journal, 1996, 34(7): 1410-1419.
[13] 俞国华. 水平轴风力机叶片失速问题研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2013.
YU G H.A study of stall problems on horizontal axis wind turbine blades[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2013.
[14] 胡丹梅, 李佳, 闫海津. 水平轴风力机翼型动态失速的数值模拟[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(20): 106-111.
HU D M, LI J, YAN H J.Numerical simulation of airfoil dynamic stall of horizontal axis wind turbine[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(20): 106-111.
[15] ZHOU Z, LI C, NIE J B, et al.Effect of oscillation frequency on wind turbine airfoil dynamic stall[J]. IOP conference, 2013, 52(5): 052012.
基金
国家自然科学基金（51566011）; 国家重点基础研究发展（973）计划（2014CB046201）
PDF(3365 KB)
