研究ITO/Metal/ITO（IMI）电极中金属层Cu和Ag及其厚度对电极光电性能的影响,结合霍尔测试、紫外分光光度计、原子力显微镜等分析金属层材料和厚度对IMI电极光电性能以及形貌的影响。通过优化金属层厚度,获得方阻分别为11.2 Ω/□和14.5 Ω/□且400~800 nm波长范围内平均透过率分别为93.9%和86.5%的ITO/Ag/ITO和ITO/Cu/ITO电极。将IAI和ICI电极作为正面电极应用于钙钛矿太阳电池,太阳电池的填充因子从62.5%提升至78.0%。IMI在短波段的较大反射率会导致电池短路电流密度低1~2 mA/cm2。当Cu层和Ag层的厚度分别为7.4 nm和6.4 nm时,钙钛矿太阳电池的效率达到最佳。
Abstract
In this work the influence of the metal layer Cu and Ag and their thickness on the opto-electrical performance of IMI contact is studied by using Hall measurement, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, Atomic Force Microscope, etc. By optimizing the thickness of intermediate metal layer, ITO/Ag/ITO （IAI） and ITO/Cu/ITO （ICI） contacts with sheet resistance of 11.2 and 14.5 Ω/□ and average transmittance of 93.9% and 86.5% were obtained in the wavelength range of 400-800 nm, respectively. The IAI and ICI layer are used as the front contact in perovskite solar cells. The fill factor of solar cells has increased from 62.5% to 78.0%, while the short-circuit current density is about 1-2 mA/cm; 2 lower as compared to the reference cell on ITO contact. This is mainly due to the increased reflectance of IMI in the short wavelength. As the thickness of Cu layer and Ag layer is 7.4 and 6.4 nm, respectively, an optimum cell efficiency has been obtained.
关键词
钙钛矿太阳电池 /
ITO玻璃 /
室温沉积 /
金属夹层
Key words
perovskite solar cells /
ITO glass /
room temperature /
metal intermediate layer
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] SOFI A H, SHAH M A, ASOKAN K.Structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin films[J]. Journal of electronic materials, 2017, 47(2): 1344-1352.
[2] YEOM H I, KO J B, MUN G, et al.High mobility polycrystalline indium oxide thin-film transistors by means of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition[J]. Journal of materials chemistry C, 2016, 4(28): 6873-6880.
[3] WEN L, SAHU B B, HAN J G.Approach for the optimization of characteristic properties of very high conductive ITO thin films using advanced magnetron plasma process[J]. Materials research express, 2018, 5(6): 066415.
[4] BENDER M, SEELIG W, DAUBE C, et al.Dependence of film composition and thicknesses on optical and electrical properties of ITO-metal-ITO multilayers[J]. Thin solid films, 1998, 326(1-2): 67-71.
[5] LEE S Y, CHO ES, KWON S J.The optical analyses of the multilayer transparent electrode and the formation of ITO/Mesh-Ag/ITO multilayers for enhancing an optical transmittance[J]. Applied surface science, 2019, 487: 990-999.
[6] KLÖPPEL A, KRIEGSEIS W, MEYER B K, et al. Dependence of the electrical and optical behaviour of ITO-silver-ITO multilayers on the silver properties[J]. Thin solid films, 2000, 365(1): 139-146.
[7] GUILLÉN C, HERRERO J. ITO/metal/ITO multilayer structures based on Ag and Cu metal films for high-performance transparent electrodes[J]. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2008, 92(8): 938-941.
[8] KIM D.Low temperature deposition of transparent conducting ITO/Au/ITO films by reactive magnetron sputtering[J]. Applied surface science, 2010, 256(6): 1774-1777.
[9] THONGLEM S, INTATHA U, PENGPAT K, et al.Electrical and optical properties of ITO/Au/ITO multilayer films for high performance TCO films[J]. Ferroelectrics, 2013, 457(1): 117-123.
[10] SHIN Y, KIM J.Influences of the Ag and the ITO thicknesses on the optical and the electrical properties of ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer films[J]. Journal of the korean physical society, 2019, 74(9): 871-875.
[11] PARK S H, LEE S M, KO E H, et al.Roll-to-Roll sputtered ITO/Cu/ITO multilayer electrode for flexible, transparent thin film heaters and electrochromic applications[J]. Scientific reports, 2016, 6(1): 33868.
[12] SIBIN K P, SRINIVAS G, SHASHIKALA H D, et al.Highly transparent and conducting ITO/Ag/ITO multilayer thin films on FEP substrates for flexible electronics applications[J]. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 2017, 172(8): 277-284.
[13] 罗振玮, 卢荣宏, 许翔林, 等. ITO/Ag/ITO透明电极最佳化设计应用于钙钛矿结构太阳电池的探讨[J]. 真空科技, 2014, 27(4): 43-49.
LUO Z Y, LU R H, XU X L, et al.ITO/Ag/ITO transparent electrode optimization design applied to perovskite structure solar cells[J]. Journal of Taiwan Vacuum Society, 2014, 27(4): 43-49.
[14] LEE M, JO Y, KIM D S, et al.Efficient, durable and flexible perovskite photovoltaic devices with Ag-embedded ITO as the top electrode on a metal substrate[J]. Journal of materials chemistry A, 2015, 3(28): 14592-14597.
[15] XIANG Y, MA Z, PENG X, et al.Constructing graded perovskite homojunctions by adding large radius phenylmethylamine ions for sequential spin-coating deposition method to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells[J]. The journal of physical chemistry C, 2020, 124(38): 20765-20772.
[16] INDLURU A, ALFORD T L.Effect of Ag thickness on electrical transport and optical properties of indium tin oxide-Ag-indium tin oxide multilayers[J]. Journal of applied physics, 2009, 105(12): 123528.
[17] BI Y G, LIU Y F, ZHANG X L, et al.Ultrathin metal films as the transparent electrode in ITO-free organic optoelectronic devices[J]. Advanced optical materials, 2019, 7(6): 1800778.
基金
西南石油大学青年科技创新团队项目（2019CXTD10）
PDF(1963 KB)
