实度对低风速风电机组风轮气动性能影响研究

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2021-0031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高低风速地区的风能利用率,研究风轮实度对低风速风电机组气动性能的影响。考虑影响风轮实度因素（叶片数量、弦长及安装角）,设计2组不同弦长叶片与可调安装角轮毂。安装角改变时不仅会引起实度变化,还会使叶尖速比发生改变。通过车载试验验证安装角不同时对风轮气动性能的影响主要与叶尖速比相关。根据不同风轮表面压力分布数值模拟结果得出：相同风速下,弦长由叶根到叶尖逐渐增大的叶片更易启动。相同条件下,试验机组输出功率与数值模拟机组输出功率最大相差5.37%,说明数值模拟结果可信。随着风轮实度的增加,风速5 m/s时,其风能利用系数呈增大趋势,风速8 m/s时,其风能利用系数呈减小趋势,两趋势相交时实度为25.38%,得出该实度下风轮气动性能较优,即可得到适合低风速地区的风轮实度。

关键词: 风电机组, 气动, CFD, 风轮, 实度, 低风速

Abstract: In order to improve the utilization rate of wind energy in low wind speed areas, the effect of the rotor solidity on the aerodynamic performance of low wind speed wind turbines was studied. Considering the factors that affect the solidity of the rotor are the number of blades, the chord length and the setting angle. Blades with different chord lengths and adjustable setting angle hub were designed. When the setting angle changes, not only the solidity changes, but also the tip speed ratio changes. The in-truck test verifies that the influence of different setting angles on the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine is mainly related to the tip speed ratio. According to the numerical simulation results of the pressure distribution on the surface of different rotors, it is concluded that under the same wind speed, the blade whose chord length gradually increases from the root to the tip is easier to start. Under the same conditions, the maximum difference of turbine between the experimental output power and the numerical simulation output power is 5.37%. It shows that the numerical simulation results are credible. With the increase of the solidity, the power coefficient of the rotor at 5 m/s wind speed shows an increasing trend, and the power coefficient shows a decreasing trend at 8 m/s wind speed. When the two trends intersect, the solidity is 25.38%. It can be obtained that the aerodynamic performance of the rotor is better under this solidity. And the rotor solidity suitable for low wind speed areas is obtained. It provides a reference for the optimal design of low wind speed wind turbine rotors.

Key words: wind turbines, aerodynamics, computational fluid dynamics, rotor, solidity, low wind speed

中图分类号:

TK83

郭珊珊, 韩巧丽, 王一博, 李明, 刘丹. 实度对低风速风电机组风轮气动性能影响研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(8): 373-381.

Guo Shanshan, Han Qiaoli, Wang Yibo, Li Ming, Liu Dan. RESEARCH ON EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF WIND TURBINES ROTOR WITH LOW WIND SPEED[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2022, 43(8): 373-381.

参考文献

[1] KEAWSUNTIA Y. Performance testing and dimensional analysis of multi-blade wind turbine for low wind speed applications[J]. Energy development, 2014, 860-863: 305-308.
[2] POURRAJABIAN A, AFSHAR P A N, MIRZAEI M, et al. Hollow blades for small wind turbines operating at high altitudes[J]. Journal of solar energy engineering, 2015, 138(6): 061001-061008.
[3] AFSHAR P A N, GOOYA M, HOSSEINI S V, et al. Starting improvement of micro-wind turbines operating in low wind speed regions[J]. International journal of green energy, 2017, 14(11): 868-877.
[4] YANG H, CHEN J, PANG X P.Wind turbine optimization for minimum cost of energy in low wind speed areas considering blade length and hub height[J]. Applied sciences, 2018, 8(7): 1202-1202.
[5] PANG X P, WANG H Y, CHEN J.Intelligence algorithm for optimization design of the low wind speed airfoil for wind turbine[J]. Cluster computing, 2019, 22(3): 8119-8129.
[6] AHMED M R, NABOLANIWAQA E.Performance studies on a wind turbine blade section for low wind speeds with a gurney flap[J]. Journal of energy resources technology, 2019, 141(11): 1-9.
[7] AKOUR S N, AL-HEMYARI M, AHMAE T, et al.Experimental and theoretical investigation of micro wind turbine for low wind speed regions[J]. Renewable energy, 2017, 116: 215-223.
[8] VAZ J R P, WOOD D H, BHATTACHARJEE D, et al. Drivetrain resistance and starting performance of a small wind turbine[J]. Renewable energy, 2018, 117: 509-519.
[9] SINGH R K, AHMED M R.Blade design and performance testing of a small wind turbine rotor for low wind speed applications[J]. Renewable energy, 2013, 50: 812-819.
[10] ROCHA P A C, DE ARAUJO J W C, LIMA R J P, et al. The effects of blade pitch angle on the performance of small-scale wind turbine in urban environments[J]. Energy, 2018, 148: 169-178.
[11] RIYANTO, AGUNG PAMBUDI N, RUDIYANTO B, et al. Experimental study of the effect of blade pitch angle on the wind turbine performance at low wind speed condition[J]. International journal of smart grid and clean energy, 2019, 8(5): 627-632.
[12] LI X X, ZHANG L, SONG J J, et al.Airfoil design for large horizontal axis wind turbines in low wind speed regions[J]. Renewable energy, 2020, 145: 2345-2357.
[13] 徐刚, 刘宏昭, 穆安乐, 等. 基于实测风数据的风力机设计与改进研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2012, 33(4): 564-570.
XU G, LIU H Z, MU A L, et al.Design and improvement of wind turbine based on measured wind data[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2012, 33(4): 564-570.
[14] 杨江, 王雅萍, 朱目成, 等. 微型风力机叶片结构优化设计与仿真分析[J]. 机械设计与制造, 2014, 286(12): 74-77.
YANG J, WANG Y P, ZHU M C, et al.Optimization design and simulation analysis of micro-scale wind turbine blades structure[J]. Machinery design & manufacture, 2014, 286(12): 74-77.
[15] 贺玲丽, 汪建文, 刘雄飞, 等. 基于Wilson法风力机叶片设计及试验研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2013, 31(2): 10-14.
HE L L, WANG J W, LIU X F, et al.The design and experimental research of wind turbine blade based on Wilson method[J]. Renewable energy resources, 2013, 31(2): 10-14.
[16] 李闯. 低风速长叶片风力机翼型气动分析及优化研究[D]. 太原: 太原科技大学, 2018.
LI C.Aerodynamic analysis and optimization of airfoil of low wind velocity and long blade wind turbine[D]. Taiyuan: Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, 2018.
[17] 杨涵. 低风速风力机整机气动与结构一体化设计研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2019.
YANG H.Research on integration of aerodynamic and structural design of low wind speed turbine[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2019.
[18] 唐新姿, 黄轩晴, 孙松峰, 等. 考虑层流分离的低速风力机翼型气动性能研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2017, 37(1): 52-59.
TANG X Z, HUANG X Q, SUN S F, et al.Study on aerodynamic characteristics of low-speed wind turbine airfoil in consideration of laminar separation[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2017, 37(1): 52-59.
[19] 唐新姿, 孙松峰, 李鹏程, 等. 低风速适用型水平轴风力机气动性能优化与试验[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(12): 218-223.
TANG X Z, SUN S F, LI P C, et al.Aerodynamic optimization and experiment of horizontal axis wind turbine for low wind speed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2018, 34(12): 218-223.
[20] 章嘉麟, 周正贵, 雷延生. 基于并行遗传算法的低风速高性能风力机叶片优化设计[J]. 太阳能学报, 2011, 32(8): 1275-1280.
ZHANG J L, ZHOU Z G, LEI Y S.Optimization for high performance wind turbine blades at low wind velocity based on perallel genetic algorithm[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2011, 32(8): 1275-1280.
[21] 周云龙, 李律万, 杨承志, 等. 新型双风轮单转子风力发电装置特性测试[J]. 沈阳工业大学学报, 2014, 36(3): 258-262.
ZHOU Y L, LI L W, YANG C Z, et al.Performance test for novel double-rotor wind turbine with single rotor[J]. Journal of Shenyang University of Technology, 2014, 36(3): 258-262.
[22] 周云龙, 杨承志, 岳巍澎. 一种新型双风轮风力发电装置的特性分析[J]. 中国电力, 2011, 44(4): 75-78.
ZHOU Y L, YANG C Z, YUE W P, et al.Characteristic analysis for a new type of double-rotor wind turbine[J]. Electric power, 2011, 44(4): 75-78.
[23] 杨瑞, 陈月娟, 孙霞阳, 等. 低风速下双风轮风力机增功现象分析[J]. 热能动力工程, 2020, 35(9): 134-140.
YANG R, CHEN Y J, SUN X Y, et al.Analysis on the phenomenon of power increase in dual-wind turbine under low wind speed[J]. Journal of engineering for thermal energy and power, 2020, 35(9): 134-140.
[24] 张春莲. 浓缩风能型风力发电机叶轮的风洞实验与研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2001.
ZHANG C L.A wind tunnel test and research on blades of the concentrated wind energy turbine[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2001.
[25] 盖晓玲. 小型浓缩风能型风力发电机叶轮功率特性的试验研究[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2007.
GE X L.The experimental study of power characteristic on blades of minitype concentrated wind energy turbine[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2007.