选择2种模孔材料,利用粗糙仪测出其表面形貌,提取轮廓数据,采用尺码法计算出表面分形参数D和G,再基于经典接触公式和M-B分形接触模型建立成型模孔内表面滑动摩擦力分形预测模型并进行模拟,最后利用摩擦磨损试验台进行验证。结果表明：当环模模孔内表面的粗糙度R
a值3.428 μm时（45钢）,D值为1.373,G值为1.55×10
-6 m;而当其R
a值为4.002 μm时（40Cr）,D值为1.359,G值为0.82×10
-6 m;摩擦力随真实接触面积的增加呈增大趋势,单位摩擦力随真实接触面积的增加呈减小趋势;在A
r<A
rc时,摩擦力增大速度较快,单位摩擦力减小速度较快;在A
r>A
rc时,摩擦力增幅较平缓,单位摩擦力降幅较平缓。经实验验证,摩擦力模拟结果比试验结果略高,且随真实接触面积的增大,摩擦力的模拟值正逐渐接近实验值,模型预测较准确。
Abstract
In this study, two samples of ring die forming channel were used to measure and obtain data of their surface morphology with roughness meter, and then the fractal dimension D and fractal feature G were calculated using Yardstick method, and lastly a fractal prediction model of sliding frictional force against the interior surface of forming channel was built based on classical contact mechanics and M-B fractal model. Numerical simulation as well as friction-wear test was conducted to verify the accuracy of the model. The result showed that： When interior surface roughness R
a of forming channel is 3.428 μm （45#）,D is 1.373 and G is 1.55×10
-6 m. When R
a is 4.002 μm （40Cr）, D is 1.359 and
G is 0.82×10
-6 m. Along with the increasing A
r, F increased while F
D decreased. When
r<A
rc, the slope of F was larger, which means the frictional force increased more rapidly, and the larger slope of F
D represents rapidly decreasing unit frictional force. When A
r>A
rc, F became smaller, which means the increase of frictional force became slower, and the smaller slope of F
D represents slower decrease of unit frictional force. The experiment data verified that the simulation value is larger than the test value, with the increase of true contact area, the simulation value of frictional force F approximates test value, therefore an overall good simulation result could be achieved by the fractal prediction model of frictional force.
关键词
生物质制粒 /
摩檫力 /
预测 /
分形理论 /
成型模孔
Key words
biomass pelleting /
frictional force /
prediction /
fractal /
forming channel
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基金
国家自然科学基金（51766016; 51666016; 31960365）; 内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目（NJZY20045）
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