近年来以水上光伏为核心的“渔光一体”试验项目快速推广,但其建设及运行对局地生态环境的影响尚不明确。为研究水面光伏电站局地生态效应,以扬中通威渔光一体电站为例,于2020年8月20日展开水质和微生物调查。采用类别分析法评估和讨论水面光伏对水体温度、pH值、溶解氧、浊度、叶绿素、化学需氧量（COD）、生化需氧量（BOD）及微生物的影响。结果表明：扬中通威渔光一体电站运行期间,水温降低约0.5 ℃,pH值在大部分时段内低于自然站点, 溶解氧出现双峰值,浊度平均值降低11.83 NTU,叶绿素a平均浓度减少10.1 mg/L,作为污染指标的COD、BOD没有异常升高,微生物种群结构及丰度基本不变。水面光伏电站抑制藻类光合作用,对维持夏季水环境稳定、减少水华现象的发生起到积极的作用。该文的研究结果可为构建区域生态环境效应评估体系,提出水上光伏工程影响下的生态修复与保护措施提供科学依据。
Abstract
In recent years, the photovoltaic on water as the core of the “fishery light complementary” has been promoted rapidly, but the impact of project construction and operation on the local ecological environment hasn't been clear. In order to study the impact of photovoltaic power station on water ecosystem, investigations of water quality and microorganisms were conducted on 20 August 2020 at Yangzhong Tongwei fishery and photovoltaic complementary power station. The effects of surface photovoltaic on temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, aerosols, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） and microorganisms were studied and evaluated by category analysis. The results suggest that during the operation of Yangzhong Tongwei fishery and photovoltaic complementary power station, the water temperature was reduced by about 0.5 ℃, the pH was lower than the natural site for most of the time, the dissolved oxygen had double peak, the turbidity was decreased by 11.83 NTU, the average concentration of chlorophyll a was decreased by 10.1 mg/L, the COD and BOD as pollution indicators did not increase abnormally, and the structure and abundance of the microbial population remained basically unchanged. Photovoltaic power station on water inhibits algae photosynthesis, which plays a positive role in maintaining the stability of water environment in summer and reducing the occurrence of water bloom. The results of this paper provide a scientific basis for constructing the regional ecological environment effect assessment system and the ecological restoration and protection measures under the influence of water photovoltaic project.
关键词
光伏电站 /
生态效应 /
叶绿素 /
微生物 /
太阳辐照度 /
渔光互补
Key words
photovoltaic stations /
ecological efficiency /
chlorophyll /
microorganisms /
solar irradiance /
fishing solar complementary
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基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划（2018YFB1502800）; 山东省重点研发计划（2019JZZY020713）; 三亚崖州湾科技城科技专项（SCKJ-JYRC-2022-101; SKJC-2022-01-001）
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