为使光伏组件获取更多的太阳辐照,需设置合适的倾角和方位角。通过2018年8月份在张北地区记录的辐照数据,计算得到张北地区光伏组件的最佳倾角。设置倾角为0°、30°、60°、90°、120°和150°的光伏组件,记录光伏组件的电压电流数据,分析不同天气下倾角和方位角对发电特性的影响。研究发现,光伏组件在该月的月最佳倾角为18.5°,晴天的日最佳倾角为27.1°,多云、阴天、雨天分别为18.0°、3.7°、0.2°。倾角对于发电特性的影响主要在于光伏组件接收的直射辐照大小,晴天和多云时30°倾角光伏组件的发电量最高,雨天和阴天水平光伏组件的发电量则最高。方位角对于发电特性的影响来源于直射辐照在一天中照射方向的变化,晴天和多云时方位角影响较大,阴天和雨天时影响很小。
Abstract
In order to obtain more solar radiation for the photovoltaic modules, it is necessary to set suitable angles of inclination and azimuth. According to the irradiation data recorded in Zhangbei area in August 2018, the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic panels in Zhangbei area is calculated. The tilt angles of photovoltaic modules are set as 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120° and 150°, to record the voltage and current data of the photovoltaic panels, and analyze the influence of the tilted angle and azimuth angle on the power generation characteristics under different weather. It is found that the optimal monthly tilted angle of photovoltaic panels in Augest is 18.5°, the optimal daily tilt angle is 27.1° on sunny day, 18.0° on cloudy day, 3.7° on orercast day, and 0.2° on rainy day. The influence of tilted angle on power generation characteristics is mainly reflected on the amount of beam radiation received by photovoltaic panels. The power generation capacity of the 30° inclination photovoltaic panel is the highest on sunny and partly orercast days, and the power generation of horizontal photovoltaic panels is the highest on rainy and cloudy days. The influence of the azimuth angle on the power generation characteristics comes from the change in the direction of beam radiation during the day. The azimuth angle has a greater impact on sunny and partly cloudy days, and has little effect on cloudy and rainy days.
关键词
光伏组件 /
发电量 /
辐照 /
最佳倾角 /
方位角 /
张北地区
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