在晴空（无云）的条件下,大气污染是影响到达地球表面太阳辐射的重要因素之一。选择中国6个典型城市（北京、沈阳、上海、武汉、广州和成都）,利用2014年1月—2020年12月的空气质量日监测数据以及地面太阳辐射、日照时数等逐日观测数据,定量分析晴空条件下大气污染指数（AQI）与地表太阳总辐射、散射辐射的关系。结果表明：1）大气污染会降低清晰度指数,增加散射系数,对于地表太阳总辐射有衰减作用,对于散射辐射有增强作用。2）2014—2020年,大气污染（AQI>100）使得晴天地表太阳总辐射的年衰减总量和相对衰减量（共7 a）较大的是北京（212.40 MJ/m2,4.01%）、沈阳（184.16 MJ/m2,3.00%）、上海（123.80 MJ/m2,4.37%）和武汉（106.36 MJ/m2,3.04%）,而成都（58.03 MJ/m2,3.82%）和广州（18.76MJ/m2,0.96%）的衰减总量较小。3）大气污染（AQI>100）使得晴天散射辐射的年增加总量和相对衰减量分别是北京256.64 MJ/m2（12.96%）、沈阳134.45 MJ/m2（7.10%）、武汉22.62 MJ/m2（1.36%）、成都43.40 MJ/m2（9.71%）、上海94.74 MJ/m2（8.25%）和广州37.79 MJ/m2（5.90%）。
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most important factors affecting the solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface under the clear （cloudless） sky conditions. In this work, six typical cities in China with serious pollution are selected： Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Chengdu. Based on the daily monitoring data of air quality and the daily observation data of surface solar radiation and sunshine hours from January 2014 to December 2020, the relationship between air quality index （AQI） and global and diffuse solar radiation under clear sky condition is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that air pollution will reduce the clearness index, decrease the global solar radiation and increase the diffuse solar radiation. From 2014 to 2020, the total annual attenuation and attenuation rate（7 years in total） of global solar radiation caused by air pollution （AQI>100） is larger in Beijing （212.40 MJ/m2, 4.01%）, Shenyang （184.16 MJ/m2, 3.00%）, Wuhan （106.36 MJ/m2, 3.04%） and Shanghai （123.80 MJ/m2, 4.37%）, while Chengdu （58.03 MJ/m2, 3.82%） and Guangzhou （18.76 MJ/m2, 0.96%） have smaller attenuation. The total annual increment and increment rate of diffuse solar radiation caused by air pollution （AQI>100） is respectively 256.64 MJ/m2 and 12.96% in Beijing, 134.45 MJ/m2 and 7.10% in Shenyang, 22.62 MJ/m2 and 1.36% in Wuhan, 43.40 MJ/m2 and 9.71% in Chengdu, 94.74 MJ/m2 and 8.25% in Shanghai and 37.79 MJ/m2 and 5.90% in Guangzhou.
关键词
太阳辐射 /
大气污染 /
空气质量 /
定量分析 /
晴空条件
Key words
solar radiation /
air pollution /
air quality /
quantitative analysis /
cloudless sky conditions
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基金
国家自然科学基金（41805085）; 中国科学院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室开放课题（KLDD-2020-004）; 甘肃省重点人才项目（2021RCXM049）; 甘肃省青年科技基金（20JR5RA544）
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