海上风电建设施工难度大、风险高,成本极难控制,其中工期是最大的可变成本。适应平价上网时代海上风电降本增效要求,本研究基于实测数据比较ERA5、CCMPv2、NCEP这3种再分析风场在中国近海的质量,并对SWAN模式进行适应性修正,在此基础上根据25 a（1996—2020年）逐小时风浪数值后报数据对山东半岛南至广西海上风电桩基施工和风电机组安装窗口期及功效的时空分布进行评估,并结合关键海域具体风电场进行讨论。结果表明：ERA5数据的质量最优;修正SWAN模式后报波浪要素的准确性得到提升;可施工桩基及安装风电机组数据在研究海域具有显著的时空变化特征。
Abstract
Offshore wind power construction is difficult and with high risk. It is extremely difficult to control the cost, of which the construction period is the biggest variable. Firstly, as to adapt to the requirements of cost reduction and efficiency increase in the coming era of flat rate, focused on the offshore seas from the southern Shandong Peninsula to Guangxi, this paper compares the quality of ERA5, CCMPv2 and NCEP reanalysis wind fields based on measured data. Secondly, this paper modifies a SWAN wave model adaptively to perform a numerical simulation with a time span of 25 years（1996-2020）. Utilizing the results of 1-hour hindcast wind and wave data,the weather window and construction efficiency for the pile foundation and upper set of offshore wind turbine are evaluated both on spatial and temporal scope. With respects to the key locations for China offshore wind power development, some construction suggestions are also made. The results indicate that wind data from ERA5 is in best agreement with observations. The accuracy of simulated wave parameters has been improved after the calibration of SWAN model. Besides, workloads of foundation construction and wind turbine installation have significant temporal and spatial variation characteristics in the studied area.
关键词
可再生能源 /
海上风电场 /
建设 /
中国沿海 /
SWAN模式 /
作业窗口期
Key words
renewable energy /
offshore wind farm /
construction /
China seas /
SWAN /
weather window
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基金
国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合基金（U1706226）; 国家自然科学基金（52171284）
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