以农林废弃生物质气化合成混合醇工艺为对象,利用混合生命周期评估方法对百吨级系统进行环境影响分析。通过构建系统的工艺模型和收集生命周期资源消耗及排放清单,研究农林业、收储运和制取等各阶段的投入和排放特性,对棉秆、玉米秸秆、木屑和枝丫柴4种原料制取系统的环境影响特性进行分析,并与5万吨级系统进行比较。结果表明：百吨级系统生命周期化石能源消耗和温室气体排放分别在589~734 kJ/MJ混合醇和63.2~80.8 g CO2eq/MJ混合醇范围内,制取阶段的电力消耗是最主要的影响因素,其次为系统设备设施投入,玉米秸秆混合醇的环境影响最大,这与原料碳含量低及混合醇收率低有关。
Abstract
Aiming at evaluating the environmental contribution of mixed alcohol production technology from biomass as agricultural and forestry residues, hybrid life cycle assessment （LCA） was applied to assess the properties of fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas （GHG） emission of a 100 t/a-scale system via gasification and catalytic conversion pathways. The effect of four types of feedstock-based alcohol system, including cotton straw, maize straw, wood chips and tree pruning, was analyzed, according to the simulation results from mixed alcohol production model and the life cycle inventory. The life cycle studied included the stages of agricultural/forestry planting, collection/storage/transportation, production and alcohol transportation. The results shows that the potentials of fossil fuel consumption and GHG emission of the 100 t/a-scale system are in the ranges of 589~734 kJ/MJ alcoholand 63.2~80.8 g CO2 eq/MJ alcohols respectively. The main contribution of the environmental potentials derive from the electricity input from grid and the production equipment/plant constructions in mixed alcohol production stage, which account for more than 80% of total ruglues. Of the four tipical of feedstocks, maize straw-based mixed alcohol system shows the highest environmental impact, which may be related to the low carbon content of maize straw and low alcohol yield. As the production capacity of maize straw-based alcohol system is expanded to 50,000 t/a, the potentials of fossil fuel consumption and GHG emission are decreased to 192 kJ/MJ alcohols and 16.6 g CO2 eq/MJ alcohols respectively as a combined cycle is applied to recovery heat for electricity generation and the system is self-sufficient of electricity.
关键词
生物质 /
能耗 /
温室气体 /
气化合成 /
混合醇
Key words
biomass /
fuel consumption /
greenhouse gases /
gasification and synthesis /
mixed alcohols
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基金
国家重点研究计划（2019YFB1503905）; 国家自然科学基金（51776205）
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