针对光伏组件表面温度影响光伏电站出力的技术难题,以2行4列的光伏阵列为例,在拉萨搭建光伏阵列输出功率实验测试平台,采用液冷方式在背板铺设冷却循环管道构建背板冷却系统,并基于冷却系统的连续运行（实验Ⅰ）、先停后启（实验Ⅱ）、先启后停（实验Ⅲ）3种运行工况,分别进行光伏组件有无背板冷却的对比实验,探究高原高寒地区组件表面温度对光伏阵列输出功率的影响规律。研究表明：采用背板冷却技术降低光伏组件的表面温度,可有效提升光伏阵列的输出功率,在实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中光伏阵列输出功率分别提升了1.4%、1.3%、1.0%;光伏组件采用背板冷却技术时,冷却介质循环泵耗功高于光伏阵列提升的输出功率,但在高原高寒地区可回收利用冷却介质吸热量,加热生活用水,可使采用背板冷却的光伏阵列综合效益提高。
Abstract
Aiming at the technical problems that the surface temperature of photovoltaic modules affects the output power of photovoltaic station, an experimental test platform for the output power of photovoltaic arrays was set up in Lhasa with two rows and four columns of photovoltaic arrays, and the backplane cooling system was constructed by laying liquid-cooled circulating tubes on the backplane. Through three working condition of the cooling system continuous operation （experiment I）, stopped before starting（experiment II）, started before stopping（experiment III）, the comparative experiments were carried out for photovoltaic modules with or without backplane cooling to explore the influence of the surface temperature of modules on the photovoltaic array output power in frigid plateau. The results show that backplane cooling system can reduce the surface temperature of photovoltaic modules and increase the photovoltaic array output power effectively. In experiment I, II and III, the output power of photovoltaic array increased by 1.4%, 1.3% and 1.0% respectively. By adopting the backplane cooling technology, the additional consumption power of coolant circulation pump is higher than the output power boosted by backplane cooling, but the heat absorbed by the cooling medium can be recycled in frigid plateau region, such as heating domestic water, which can make the comprehensive benefit of backplane cooling system better.
关键词
光伏组件 /
表面温度 /
输出功率 /
背板冷却 /
高原高寒
Key words
photovoltaic modules /
surface temperature /
output power /
backplane cooling /
frigid plateau
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基金
西藏自治区自然科学基金重点项目（XZ2019ZRG-194）; 西藏自治区重大科技专项（XZ201901-GA-09）
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