基于2000—2013年中国近海及邻近海域海洋逐日再分析产品（China Ocean Reanalysis, CORA）数据资料,通过计算南海表层（5 m）与深层（1000 m）的温差、卡诺效率、有效水头、暖水体积量、温差能可开发量等参数,对中国南海温差能在季节、年代际的地理分布及其变化特征进行详细分析。结果表明：1）南海大于1000 m水深海域的温差均满足发电净效率的要求,可全年有效开采,温差分布具有明显季节变换特征,夏季最高,秋、春次之,冬季最低,常年高值主要集中在南沙群岛至吕宋岛西部一带。2）中沙群岛以南是卡诺效率高值且月波动较小海区,效率最高月份为5—8月份。3）南海温差能年平均有效水头介于774~945 m,高值主要分布在南海中东部、南部海域,呈西南—东北走向,有效水头在850 m以上;南海中南部、吕宋岛西部海域年际变化呈2.0~3.0 m/a上升趋势。4）南海暖水体积量月变化呈“V”型,冬季8.50×1013 m3以上,处在较高水平;年际变化0.165×1013 m3/a,呈增长趋势,年平均7.31×1013 m3。5）南海温差能14年平均可开发量238.86 GW,年际变化5.61 GW/a,呈增长趋势,潜在开发前景十分可观。
Abstract
According to the China Ocean Reanalysis （CORA） of daily average temperature in the South China Sea （SCS） from 2000 to 2013, this paper analyzes the geographical distribution of thermal energy in the SCS different seasons and years and its change by calculating temperature difference between the sea surface （5 m） and deep sea （1000 m）, Carnot efficiency, effective head, volume of warm water and available exploitation amount of thermal energy. The results show that： 1） The temperature difference in the deep sea of more than 1000 m is adequate to generate efficient net power, which is available through out the year. Its distribution varies from season to season, it is highest in summer, followed by autumn and spring and winter. From the Spratly Islands to the western part of Luzon Island, it is usually hot all year round. 2） South of the Zhongsha Islands has the highest Carnot with the lowest fluctuation. The highest efficient month is from May to August. 3） The annual average effective head is 774 m-945 m in the SCS. It is highest in the Middle East and south of the SCS, and it is more than 850 m from the southwest to the northeast. It increases by 2.0 m-3.0 m year on year in the central and southern SCS and the Western Luzon Island. 4） The monthly change of warm water volume in the SCS is in a "V-shaped" distribution. The warm water volume in winter is high, above 8.50×1013 m3. The average volume is 7.31×1013 m3 per year, with an increase of 0.165×1013 m3/a. 5） In 14 years. The average amount of thermal energy that can be exploited in the SCS is 238.86 GW, with an increase of 5.61 GW/a. Therefore, there is great prospect in exploiting the thermal energy in the SCS.
关键词
温差能 /
海洋温差能转化技术 /
可再生能源 /
卡诺效率 /
有效水头 /
暖水体积 /
可开发量
Key words
thermal energy /
ocean thermal energy conversion /
renewable energy resources /
Carnot efficiency /
effective head /
warm water volume /
available exploitation amount
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2017YFE0132000）; 国家自然科学基金（52078251; 51761135013）; 自然资源部海洋环境信息保障技术重点实验室基金（基于CORA资料的南海温差能资源评估）
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