为解决火星表面探测器热能短缺挑战,克服火星表面太阳能原位热利用中的性能和环境适应性困难,提出一种基于火面太阳能原位热利用的薄膜型太阳能集热器,热能收集采用高透明聚酰亚胺膜窗和选择性吸收涂层,储能采用3D打印高填充率相变储能装置,并利用半刚性赋形设计、热变形自适应、被动式泄压分别解决火星表面尘积、大温差热交变和星际飞行过程中快速泄压问题。仿真和试验表明,集热器最大光热转化效率为74.9%,日平均集热效率为32.5%~49.8%,单位面积集热量为1105.7~2381.5 Wh/（m2∙sol）（其中sol代表火星日,火星的一个恒星日的平均长度是24小时37分23秒）,可适应火星严酷的应用环境。
Abstract
A thin-film solar collector based on in-situ thermal utilization of solar energy on the Martian surface is proposed in view of the thermal energy shortage of the Mars probe and the difficulties in performance and environmental adaptability of the in-situ thermal utilization. A highly transparent polyimide-film window and selective absorbing coating are adopted for heat collection, while a 3D-printed phase-change device with a high filling factor is adopted for energy storage. The semi-rigid forming design, adaptation to the thermal deformation, and passive decompression are also exploited to solve the problems of dust accumulation on the Martian surface, large thermal strain caused by varying temperatures and rapid decompression during the interstellar flight. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the solar collector can adapt to the harsh conditions on Mars with a maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 74.9%, an average daily heat-collection efficiency of 32.5%-49.8%, and a heat collection per unit area of 1105.7-2381.5 Wh/（m2∙sol）.
关键词
太阳能 /
太阳能集热器 /
火星车 /
火星 /
热控
Key words
solar energy /
solar collector /
rover /
Mars /
thermal control
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