针对地下粮仓中不同内衬防水材料,设计地下粮仓模拟实验系统,在3个连续变化的储粮外界环境条件下进行实验,研究在准静态非人工干预条件下不同内衬防水材料对地下仓内壁处结露的影响。实验结果表明：外界环境的影响在地下粮仓埋深较浅时较为显著,尤其是仓内上层,使粮堆温度呈“冷皮热芯”的分布特点;内衬为聚丙烯板时,仓温高于内衬不锈钢板,仓内空气最大温差为1.5 ℃,相对湿度小于内衬不锈钢板,最大差值为7.1%,平均粮温相差0.5 ℃。实验数据表明聚丙烯更适合作为地下仓内衬防水材料。基于实验数据,将不锈钢、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、玻璃钢、沥青涂层及空白实验组（无内衬材料混凝土仓壁）进行对比模拟研究,结果表明仓内降温效果为：不锈钢板>沥青>聚乙烯板>玻璃钢>聚丙烯板,但考虑到结露问题,内衬聚丙烯板温度变化更平稳,仓壁处不易发生结露。
Abstract
An underground granary experiment system was set up to carry out a series of comparison tests on different lining waterproof materials. The experiments were conducted under three continuous seasonal conditions. Under the quasi-static non-manual working conditions, the effects of different lining waterproof materials on the condensation were researched for inner wall in the granary. The experimental results show that the ground air temperature has an obvious influence on the underground granary, especially when the burial depth is small. The temperature distribution of the grain bulk shows a phenomenon of "cold skin and hot core", which is common in building granaries during winter. Furthermore, it is observed that the temperature in the steel part is lower than that of the polypropylene part with a maximum difference of 1.5 ℃, and the maximum relative humidity difference is 7.1%. Also, the average temperature in the grain bulks drops by 0.5 ℃. Therefore, if condensation is considered, plastic has a priority over steel as underground waterproof material. Moreover, CFD simulation was conducted after being verified by the experimental data, which indicated that a sequence of steel, asphalt, polyethylene, FRP and polypropylene should be taken for cooling purpose. However, polypropylene lined granary has a slower temperature change compared with other waterproof materials, and thus less opportunity to condensation.
关键词
粮食储藏 /
地热能 /
结露 /
模拟实验 /
内衬材料
Key words
grain storage /
geothermal energy /
condensation /
simulation experiment /
lining materials
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基金
国家自然科学基金（12072107）; 河南省科技攻关项目（212102310291）
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