由于后掠叶片具有积叠线弯曲的结构特点,导致叶片的弹性轴和扭转轴分离,增强了叶片弯扭耦合效应,致使叶片出现强烈的结构非线性变形,同时,沿叶片展向具有明显的三维流动现象。为高精度模拟后掠型风力机的结构振动、变形和气动载荷,通过超级单元法对风力机叶片和塔架结构进行离散,建立了整机刚-柔耦合多体动力学模型;考虑到后掠叶片形状、振动和变形致使空气沿叶片展向三维流动现象显著,采用螺旋尾涡升力线模型分析气动载荷。为高效精确建立包含机械和流体等多学科耦合的风力机模型,采用多体动力学软件建立机械模型,通过Matlab实现叶片气动载荷计算,基于Simulink协同仿真功能实现整机气弹耦合建模。以某后掠型风力机为对象,仿真分析了整机的气弹响应。数值仿真结果表明：本文理论模型和建模方法能有效模拟后掠型风力机的非线性变形和气弹耦合特性,能为新型降载增效机组的气动性能和结构设计提供指导。
Abstract
Because the back-swept blade is constructed by bending the stacking line, the elastic shaft and torsional shaft are separated which enhances the coupling effect of bending and torsional deformation and the nonlinear characteristics of structural deformation. Furthermore, there is an obvious three-dimensional flow phenomenon along the blade span wise. In order to accurately simulate the structural vibration, deformation and aerodynamic load of a swept wind turbine, the blade and tower structures of the wind turbine are discretized by the super element method, and the rigid-flexible coupling multi-body dynamics model of the whole wind turbine is established. Because the vibration and deformation of back-swept blade when operation should result in the three-dimensional air flow along the blade, the helical trailing vortex method is also applied to compute the aerodynamic load on the blade. In order to simulate the wind turbine with the coupling of mechanism and air fluid, the structural model of wind turbine is built by using the multi-body dynamics software, and the aerodynamic load is computed by the Matlab, and the Simulink with co-simulation function is used to integrate the structural model and aerodynamic model. Accordingly, the structural and aerodynamic response of the wind turbine with the back-swept blades is able to be analyzed in the co-simulation system. The numerical simulation results show that the theoretical model and the method presented in this paper can effectively simulate the nonlinear deformation and aero-elastic coupling characteristics of the back-swept wind turbine. It is useful to design the wind turbine with the back-swept blade and analyze its aero-elastic performance.
关键词
风力机 /
后掠叶片 /
气弹耦合 /
协同仿真 /
升力线 /
稳态响应
Key words
wind turbines /
back-swept blade /
aeroelastic coupling /
co-simulation /
lift line /
steady state response
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基金
国家自然科学基金（51776044; 51105079）; 广东省自然科学基金项目（2020A1515010844）
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