为获得风力机近尾流风速在垂直方向和水平方向的变化规律,提出一种测量风力机近尾流区风速的实测方法。针对某沿海滩涂风电场,采用2台搭载风速仪的无人机对近尾流区进行测量。结果表明：垂直方向,尾流和来流风速比值在1.0D~2.5D处（D为风轮直径）随着高度的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,在轮毂中轴线处存在最小值0.53~0.68;风速比值沿轮毂中轴线呈非对称分布。0.5D处风速比值分别在上下风轮处存在2个极小值0.56和0.50。水平方向,风速比值在1.0D~3.0D处沿径向距离从左向右呈先减小后增大的趋势,在轮毂中轴线处存在最小值（0.54~0.78）;风速比值沿轮毂中轴线呈对称分布,随着风轮下游距离的增加呈扩张趋势。最后给出用于A类风场风力机下游尾流风速剖面的预测公式。
Abstract
A new method is developed to measure the near wake distribution characteristics of wind turbine, by which can obtain the change law of the wake wind velocity in the vertical and horizontal directions. For a coastal beach wind farm, two UAVs （Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV） equipped with anemometers are adopted to measure the near wake. Results show that, in the vertical direction, the wind velocity ratio of wake and inflow decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of the height from 1.0D to 2.5D, D is the diameter of the wind rotor, and the minimum value is 0.53 to 0.68 at the central axis of the hub, and the wind velocity ratio is asymmetrically distributed along the central axis of the hub. There are two minimum values 0.56 and 0.50 appears at 0.5D, which appears at the top and bottom wind rotor respectively. In the horizontal direction, the wind velocity ratio decreases firstly and then increases from left to right along the radial distance from 1.0D to 3.0D, and the minimum value is 0.54 to 0.78 at the central axis of the hub. The wind velocity ratio is symmetrically distributed along the central axis of the hub, and tends to expand with the increase of downstream distance of the rotor. Moreover, the ratio formula of vertical wake to inflow wind velocity profile is given, which can be used to predict downstream wake velocity profile of wind turbine in class A wind field.
关键词
风力机 /
尾流 /
速度分布 /
无人机
Key words
wind turbines /
wakes /
velocity distribution /
unmanned aerial vehicles（UAV）
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基金
国家自然科学基金（51908430; 52178476; 52068019）; 潍坊学院博士科研启动基金（2019BS16）
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