以中国8个地区的多层住宅建筑为例,以典型气象年数据计算光伏发电和建筑能耗,采用PVsyst软件完成分布式光伏系统设计,Energy Plus软件建立多层建筑能耗模型,以电能自治度、碳减排量和经济分析指标净现值（NPV）、效益成本比（BCR）进行分析。结果表明,昆明和拉萨分布式光伏对建筑的贡献程度最高,三亚最低;哈尔滨和拉萨碳减排收益潜能高;8个地区分布式光伏系统在不同系统配置和运行方式下经济性存在差异,但普遍选择自用比例为30%的收益最高。综上,处于Ⅱ类太阳资源区下的温和地区和Ⅰ类下的寒冷地区光伏贡献程度高,夏热冬暖地区低;在发电量较少和销售-上网电价差异较大地区光伏的系统配置及运行方式对经济性影响大。
Abstract
This paper takes the example of multi-storey residential buildings in eight urban areas in China, calculation of photovoltaic power generation and building energy consumption with typical meteorological year data. PVsyst is used to complete the distributed PV system design, and Energy Plus is used to establish the multi-story building energy consumption model. The power generation potential is analyzed in terms of electrical energy autonomy, carbon reduction and economic analysis indicators NPV and BCR. The results show that Kunming and Lhasa have the highest degree of contribution of distributed PV to buildings and Sanya has the lowest, Harbin and Lhasa have high carbon emission reduction revenue potential. There are differences in the economics of distributed PV systems in eight areas with different system configurations and operating methods, but the highest returns are generally chosen for a 30% self-use ratio. In summary, the PV system in mild areas under Class II solar resource area and cold areas under Class I have high contribution, and hot summer and warm winter areas have low. In areas with small power generation and large difference between sales and on grid price, the configuration and operation mode of photovoltaic system have a great impact on economy.
关键词
光伏 /
分布式发电 /
经济分析 /
建筑能耗 /
自治度
Key words
PV /
distributed power generation /
economic analysis /
building energy consumption /
degree of autonomy
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基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目（51838011）
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