综合考虑由风剪切和塔影效应引起的叶轮扫掠面内风速时空分布,研究了定子绕组匝间短路和叶轮不平衡复合故障对双馈风力发电机组转子电流的影响。首先,建立风速时空分布模型（等效风速）,推导叶轮不平衡故障、定子绕组匝间短路故障和复合故障下转子电流的解析表达式及其变化特性。然后,在Matlab/Simulink建立双馈风力发电机组故障仿真模型,在能够模拟等效风速转速特性的风电机组故障模拟实验台完成了实验测试与研究。理论推导、仿真分析与实验研究结果表明：考虑风速时空分布后,定子绕组匝间短路故障时转子电流中含有3kp（P为叶轮转频）的调制频率;叶轮不平衡故障时转子电流有P、3kP及其耦合调制频率（3k±1）P;复合故障时转子电流在基频以及（2±s）f处有调制频率P、3kP和（3k±1）P。在该文中使用等效风速替代平均风速,更贴合自然界中风电机组实际运行状况,可为实际风电机组运行特性分析提供参考。
Abstract
Considering the spatiotemporal distribution of wind speed caused by wind shear and tower shadow, the influence of the compound fault of the stator winding inter-turn short-circuit, and the blade imbalance on the electrical characteristics of the doubly-fed induction generator is studied. Firstly, the analytical expression and variation characteristics of rotor current under blade imbalance fault, stator winding inter-turn short-circuit, and compound fault are deduced. Then, the fault simulation model of the doubly-fed induction generator is built on the Matlab/Simulink platform. The experimental test and research are carried out on the doubly-fed induction generator fault simulation platform, which can simulate the equivalent wind speed and rotational speed characteristics. The theoretical derivation, simulation analysis, and experimental research results show that, after considering the spatiotemporal distribution of wind speed, the rotor current contains a modulation frequency of 3kp（P is the rotational frequency of the blade） when the stator winding inter-turn short-circuit fault occurs. When the blade imbalance, the rotor current has P, 3kp and its coupling modulation frequency （3k±1）P. The rotor current has modulation frequencies P, 3kP and （3k±1）P around （2±s） f and fundamental frequency when compound fault. This paper uses the equivalent wind speed to replace the average wind speed. This research is more in line with the actual operating conditions of doubly-fed induction generator in nature and can provide a reference for fault diagnosis in the actual operation of doubly-fed induction generator.
关键词
风电机组 /
故障诊断 /
风速 /
双馈风力发电机 /
叶轮不平衡 /
定子绕组匝间短路
Key words
wind turbines /
fault diagnosis /
wind speed /
doubly-fed wind turbines /
blade imbalance /
stator winding inter-turn short circuit
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52275109）; 河北省自然科学基金（E2022502007）; 保定市科技计划基础研究专项基金（2172P010）; 河北省研究生创新能力培养资助项目（CXZZBS2023151）
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