随着中国风电装机容量的增加,风电输出功率的随机性和波动性令电网调频难度加大,为解决此问题,可采用由能量型（锂离子电池）和功率型（飞轮）储能阵列组成的混合储能系统进行风功率输出平抑,因此亟需研究混合储能系统的容量配置方法,增大其利用率并降低所需容量。首先建立250 kW/50 kWh飞轮储能以及250 kW/150 kWh的锂离子电池储能单元模型,引入相应控制策略;接着根据储能系统的自身特性以及风电场输出功率的幅频特性,提出一种改进小波包分解方法,对风电场输出功率数据进行分解,获得混合储能系统的充放电指令;然后根据不同类型储能阵列的响应时间以及改进小波包分解后各节点能量分布,获得不同种类储能阵列充放电指令分配方法;最后,根据上述充放电指令的概率分布特性,采用概率分布 函数进行拟合,以一定置信水平下的置信区间进行限制,引入衡量因子进行修正,提出混合储能系统容量配置方法,进而确定各种类储能单元数量,增大储能系统的利用率并降低其所需容量。针对某额定装机容量15 MW的风电场实际输出功率数据,结合仿真实验,验证了所提出混合储能系统容量配置方法的有效性 。
Abstract
With the increase of wind power installed capacity in China, the randomness and fluctuation of wind power make it more difficult for the frequency adjustment of power grid. To solve such problem, a hybrid energy storage system composed of energy-type （lithium-ion batteries） and power-type （flywheel） energy storage arrays can be used to smooth the wind power output. Therefore, it is urgent to study the capacity configuration method of the hybrid energy storage system to increase its utilization rate and reduce its requir ment capacity. Firstly, the 250 kW/50 kWh flywheel and 250 kW/150 kWh lithium-ion battery energy storage unit models are established, and corresponding control strategies are introduced. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the energy storage system and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the output power of the wind farm, an improved wavelet packet decomposition method is proposed to decompose the output power data of the wind farm and obtain the overall charging and discharging power commands of the hybrid energy storage system. Thirdly, the distribution method of charging and discharging power commands for each type of energy storage array are obtained through the response time of different types of energy storage arrays and the energy distribution of each node with the improved wavelet packet decomposition. Finally, the fitting function is adopted to fit the probability distribution characteristics of the charge and discharge power commands above mentioned. Based on the limitation of confidence interval under a certain confidence level and the introduction of measurement factor for correction, the capacity configuration method for the hybrid energy storage system is proposed to determine the number of various energy storage units, which can increase the utilization rate of hybrid energy storage system and reduce its requirement capacity. Based the actual output power data of a wind farm with the rated installed capacity of 15 MW, the developed capacity configuration method of the hybrid energy storage system is verified through simulation.
关键词
风电功率 /
储能 /
改进小波包 /
储能阵列充放电指令分配方法 /
混合储能系统容量配置方法
Key words
wind power /
energy storage /
improved wavelet packet /
energy storage array charging and discharging command distribution method /
hybrid energy storage system capacity configuration method
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基金
国网宁夏电力有限公司科技项目（SGNXDK00WLJS2200088）
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