&#x0201c;双碳&#x0201d;背景下数据中心氢能应用的可行性研究

张诚; 檀志恒; 晁怀颇

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0592

PDF(1683 KB)

太阳能学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6) : 327-334. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0592

“双碳”背景下数据中心氢能应用的可行性研究

张诚, 檀志恒, 晁怀颇

作者信息 +

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY APPLICATION ON DATA CENTER UNDER “CARBON PEAKING AND NEUTRALIZATION”BACKGROUND

Zhang Cheng, Tan Zhiheng, Chao Huaipo

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

氢气是可再生能源电力的优质载体,也被认为是未来数据中心行业实现碳中和的重要助力。以节能降碳为主要出发点,介绍数据中心氢能应用的意义、前景及相关研究现状,分析氢能产业链中制氢、储氢、用氢等各环节对数据中心氢能应用的影响,最后阐述氢能作为数据中心备用电源、集中式电源以及分布式电源等不同应用场景的概念性方案,并分析各应用场景的技术特点及发展前景。

Abstract

Hydrogen is an excellent renewable energy carrier and is also considered as an important contributor for the future carbon neutrality of the data center industry.Taking energy saving and carbon reduction as the main aim, this article introduces the hydrogen energy application significance,prospect and relevant research status on data center area, and analyzes the impact of hydrogen production, storage and utilizations of the hydrogen energy industry chain on the application of hydrogen energy in data center. Finally, this paper expounds the hydrogen energy conceptual scheme in different application scenarios such as backup power supply, centralized power supply and distributed power supply in data center, and analyzes the technical characteristic and development prospect of each application scenario.

导出引用

张诚, 檀志恒, 晁怀颇. “双碳”背景下数据中心氢能应用的可行性研究[J]. 太阳能学报. 2022, 43(6): 327-334 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0592

Zhang Cheng, Tan Zhiheng, Chao Huaipo. FEASIBILITY STUDY OF HYDROGEN ENERGY APPLICATION ON DATA CENTER UNDER “CARBON PEAKING AND NEUTRALIZATION”BACKGROUND[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2022, 43(6): 327-334 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-0592

中图分类号： TK91

参考文献

[1] CDCC. 2021年中国数据中心市场报告[R]. 2021.
CDCC. China data center market report in 2021[R]. 2021.
[2] 肖新文. 数据中心液冷技术应用研究进展[J]. 暖通空调, 2022, 52(1): 52-56.
XIAO X W.Review on liquid cooling technologies applied to data centers[J]. HV&AC, 2022, 52(1): 52-65.
[3] 阿里巴巴集团. 2021阿里巴巴碳中和行动报告[R/OL].[2021-12-17]. https://sustainability.alibabagroup.com/tc.
Alibaba Group.2021 Alibaba carbon neutralization action report[R/OL]. https://sustainability.alibabagroup.com/tc.
[4] 高山渊, 蔡德忠, 赵晓雪, 等. 企业数字化基石——阿里巴巴云计算基础设施实践[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2020.
GAO S Y, CAI D Z, ZHAO X X, et al.The cornerstone of enterprise digitalization——Alibaba cloud computing infrastructure practice[M]. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2020.
[5] 中国氢能源及燃料电池产业创新战略联盟. 中国氢能源及燃料电池产业发展报告2020[M]. 北京:人民日报出版社, 2021.
China Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Industry Innovation Strategic Alliance. China’s hydrogen energy and fuel cell industry development report 2020[M]. Beijing: People’s Daily Press, 2021.
[6] 北京市经济和信息化局. 北京市氢能产业发展实施方案(2021-2025年)[EB/OL]. [2021-08-16]. http://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/gfxwj/202108/t20210817_2469561.html.
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology. Implementation plan for the development of hydrogen energy industry in Beijing(2021-2025)[EB/OL]. http://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/gfxwj/202108/t20210817_2469561.html.
[7] 广州市发展和改革委员会. 广州市氢能产业发展规划(2019—2030年)[EB/OL]. [2020-7-30]. http://fgw.gz.gov.cn/gkmlpt/content/6/6477/post_6477212.html.
Guangzhou Municipal Development and Reform Commission. Guangzhou hydrogen energy industry development plan(2019-2030)[EB/OL]. http://fgw.gz.gov.cn/gkmlpt/content/6/6477/post_6477212.html.
[8] 四川省经济和信息化厅. 四川省氢能产业发展规划(2021-2025年)[EB/OL]. [2020-9-21]. https://jxt.sc.gov.cn//scjxt/wjfb/2020/9/21/12979ab0d1cf41b18489d7d9559e 4abf. shtml.
Sichuan Provincial Department of Economy and Information Technology. Sichuan hydrogen energy industry development plan(2021-2025)[EB/OL]. https://jxt.sc.gov.cn//scjxt/wjfb/2020/9/21/12979ab0d1cf41b18489d7d9559e4abf.shtml.
[9] 山东省人民政府办公厅. 山东省氢能产业中长期发展规划(2020—2030年)[EB/OL]. [2020-06-24]. http://www.shandong.gov.cn/art/2020/6/24/art_107851_107610.html?from=singlemessage.
General Office of Shandong Provincial People's Government. Medium and long term development plan of hydrogen energy industry in Shandong Province(2020-2030)[EB/OL]. http://www.shandong.gov.cn/art/2020/6/24/art_107851_107610.html?from=singlemessage.
[10] 深圳市发展和改革委员会. 深圳市氢能产业发展规划(2021-2025年)[EB/OL]. [2021-12-13]. http://fgw.sz.gov.cn/zwgk/qt/tzgg/content/post_9459760.html.
Shenzhen Municipal Development and Reform Commission. Shenzhen hydrogen energy industry development plan(2021-2025)[EB/OL]. http://fgw.sz.gov.cn/zwgk/qt/tzgg/content/post_9459760.html.
[11] 张全斌, 周琼芳. 基于“碳中和”的氢能应用场景与发展趋势展望[J]. 中国能源, 2021, 43(7): 81-88.
ZHANG Q B, ZHOU Q F.Perspective on application scenario and development trend of hydrogen energy based on carbon neutralization[J]. Energy of China, 2021, 43(7): 81-88.
[12] 刘坚, 钟财富. 我国氢能发展现状与前景展望[J]. 中国能源, 2019, 41(2): 32-36.
LIU J, ZHONG C F.Current status and prospects of hydrogen energy development of China[J]. Energy of China, 2019, 41(2): 32-36.
[13] 李建林, 梁忠豪, 李光辉, 等. 太阳能制氢关键技术研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(3): 2-11.
LI J L, LIANG Z H, LI G H, et al.Analysis of key technologies for solar hydrogen production[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(3): 2-11.
[14] 苗安康, 袁越, 吴涵, 等. “双碳”目标下绿色氢能技术发展现状与趋势研究[J]. 分布式能源, 2021, 6(4): 15-24.
MIAO A K, YUAN Y, WU H, et al.Research on development statusand trendof green hydrogen energy technologies under targets of carbon peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Disteibuted energy, 2021, 6(4): 15-24.
[15] 生态环境部办公厅. 关于做好2022年企业温室气体排放报告管理相关重点工作的通知[EB/OL].[2022-03-15].https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html.
General Office of the Ministry of Ecological Environment. Notice on the key work related to the management of enterprise greenhouse gas emission report in2022[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202203/t20220315_971468.html.
[16] 吴朝玲, 李永涛, 李媛, 等. 氢气储存和输运[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社, 2021.
WU C L, LI Y T, LI Y, et al.Hydrogen storage and transportation[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2021.
[17] 李军, 薄柯, 黄强华, 等. 高压氢气储运移动式压力容器发展趋势与挑战[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(3): 20-26.
LI J, BO K, HUANG Q H, et al.Development trend and challenges of high pressure hydrogen transpotable pressure vessel[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(3): 20-26.
[18] GB 50177—2005, 氢气站设计规范[S].
GB 50177—2005, Code for design of hydrogen station[S].
[19] 祝勇, 黄翔, 陈昊, 等. 氢内燃机发展状况及展望[J].当代化工研究, 2021(24): 5-7.
ZHU Y, HUANG X, CHEN H, et al.Development status and prospect of hydrogen internal combustion engine[J]. Modern chemical research, 2021(24): 5-7.
[20] 赵斐, 张宏杰. 氢动力内燃机应用前景分析[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2020, 38(6): 72-74.
ZHAO F, ZHANG H J.Analysis of application prospect for hydrogen combustion engines[J]. China resources comprehensive utilization, 2020, 38(6): 72-74.
[21] 衣宝廉, 俞红梅, 侯中军. 氢燃料电池[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2021.
YI B L, YU H M, HOU Z J.Hydrogen fuel cell[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2021.
[22] Slater H, De Boer D, 钱国强, 等. 2021年中国碳价调查报告[M]. 北京: ICF,2021.
SLATER H, De BOER D, QIAN G Q, et al.Survey report on China’s carbon price in 2021[M]. Beijing: ICF, 2021.
[23] 贾旭平. 美国Bloom energy公司推出固体氧化物燃料电池微型电站[J]. 电源技术, 2010, 34(6): 525-528.
JIA X P.Bloom energy launched solid oxide fuel cell micro power station[J]. Chinese journal of power sources, 2010, 34(6): 525-528.
[24] 钟财富. 国内外分布式燃料电池发电应用现状及前景分析[J]. 中国能源, 2021, 43(2): 34-37, 73.
ZHONG C F.Application status and prospect analysis of distributed full cell power generation at home and abroad[J]. Energy of China, 2021, 43(2): 34-37, 73.
[25] ETEMADIEH A A.Verification of a solid oxide fuel cell system for in-rack server power generation in data centers[M]. Irvine: University of California, 2016.
[26] LAVERNIA A, ASGHARI M, LUCA M, et al. Absorption cooling for data centers powered by solid oxide fuel cell waste heat[J].2021, 27-20: 1-10.
[27] ZHAO L, BROUWER J, LIU J, et al.Fuel cells for data centers: Power generation inches from the server[R]. Microsoft Research, Tech.Rep. MSR-TR-2014-37, 2014.
[28] ZHAO L, BROUWER J, JAMES S, et al.Servers powered by a 10 kW in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell system[C]//International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boston, USA, 2014.
[29] RIEKSTIN A C, JAMES S, KANSAL A, et al.No more electrical infrastructure: Towards fuel cell powered data centers[J]. ACM SIGOPS operating systems review, 2014, 48(1): 39-43.
[30] RITCHIE A J, BROUWER J.Design of fuel cell powered data centers for sufficient reliability and availability[J]. Journal of power sources, 2018, 384: 196-206.
[31] 翟俊香, 何广利, 刘聪敏, 等. 质子交换膜燃料电池分布式发电设备应用研究综述[C]//2021第五届能源、环境与自然资源国际会议论文集, 武汉, 中国, 2021: 43-49.
ZHAI J X, HE G L, LIU C M, et al.Overview on equipment of distributed proton exchange membrane fuel cell[C]//2021 5th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Natural Resources(ICEENR 2021), Wuhan, China, 2021: 43-49.
[32] 姜龙, 袁媛, 刘子程, 等. 氢燃料电站在氯碱工厂的成功应用[J]. 氯碱工业, 2018, 54(4): 17-19.
JIANG L,YUAN Y, LIU Z C, et al.The successful application of hydrogen fuel power station in a chlor-akali plant[J]. Chlor-alkali industry, 2018, 54(4): 17-19.
[33] 董文虎, 张佳兴. 2 MW氢燃料电站运行情况[J]. 中国氯碱, 2018(2): 12-14.
DONG W H, ZHANG J X.Operation summary of 2 MW hydrogen fuel power plant[J]. Chlor-alkali industry, 2018(2): 12-14.
[34] 王杭婧, 孙国正, 周颖. “双碳”目标下零碳氢储能市场推广研究——以安徽六安兆瓦级氢能源储能电站为例[J]. 商业经济, 2022(3): 110-112, 118.
WANG H J, SUN G Z, ZHOU Y.Research on the marketing of zero-carbon hydrogen energy storage under the "Double-Carbon" Goal[J]. Business and economy, 2022(3): 110-112, 118.
[35] GB 50516—2010, 加氢站技术规范(2021版)[S].
GB 50516—2010, Technical code for hydrogen fuelling station(2021)[S].
[36] GB 50174—2017, 数据中心设计规范[S].
GB 50174—2017, Code for design of data centers[S].
[37] SAUR G, ARJONA V, CLUTTERBUCK A, et al.Hydrogen and fuel cells for data center applications project meeting: Workshop report[R]. National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO(United States), 2019.
[38] 黄大为, 齐德卿, 于娜, 等. 利用制氢系统消纳风电弃风的制氢容量配置方法[J]. 太阳能学报, 2017, 38(6): 1517-1525.
HUANG D W, QI D Q, YU N, et al.Capacity allocation method of hydrogen production system consuming abandoned wind power[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2017, 38(6): 1517-1525.
[39] 马榕谷, 陈洁, 赵军超, 等. 非并网风氢互补系统的容量多目标优化[J]. 太阳能学报, 2019, 40(2): 422-429.
MA R G, CHEN J, ZHAO J C, et al.Multi-objective optimization for capacity of non-grid-connected wind/hydrogen hybrid power system[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2019, 40(2): 422-429.
[40] 杨海靓, 宋叶丰, 杨连荣, 等. 工程用氢能热电联供系统设计与安装—以内蒙古乌兰察布市优刻得数据中心建设项目为例[J]. 中国建筑装饰装修, 2022(6): 139-142.
YANG H L, SONG Y F, YANG L R, et al.Design and installation of hydrogen energy cogeneration system for engineering——Taking the construction project of youkede data center in Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia as an example[J]. China architectural decoration, 2022(6): 139-142.