为了能让电动汽车的动力电池更专注驱动续航,在冬季无需给车供热,设计并搭建一个基于Al-Si合金相变材料的紧凑型车载储热装置,用于寒冷天气控制电池的工作温度和车厢温度。采用Al-12%Si（Al的质量分数为88%,Si的质量分数为12%）作为相变储热材料,对储热装置的蓄放热特性和保温性能进行实验研究。结果表明：该蓄热装置最大的耗散功率为324 W,质量能量密度和体积能量密度分别可达189 Wh/kg或165 Wh/L,蓄热效率为90.6%;在取热实验过程中,当进口的流量为60、80和100 m3/h时,取热效率分别为84.9%、88.2%和93.2%;当流量60 m3/h,出风温度在70 ℃和50 ℃时,取热效率分别为76.0%和54%。该蓄热装置保温性能好,蓄热能量密度大,热效率高,可为电制热高温相变储热装置的小型化设计提供参考依据。
Abstract
In order to allow the energy stored in the battery of electric vehicles to focus more on driving the wheels instead of heating the cabin in winter, a compact on-board heat storage device based on Al-Si alloy phase change material was designed and built, which can be used to control the temperature of battery and cabin in cold weather. In this study, Al-12%Si （mass fraction of Al is 88%, mass fraction of Si is 12%） was used as the phase change heat storage material, and the heat charging, discharging and preservation performance of the heat storage device were experimentally studied. The results show that the maximum heat dissipation power is 324 W, the mass energy density and volume energy density of the heat storage can reach 189 Wh/kg and 165 Wh/L, respectively,, and the heat storage rate is 90.6%. In the heat extraction experiments, when the inlet air flow rates are 60, 80 and 100 m3/h, the heat utilization rates are 84.9%, 88.2% and 93.2%, respectively. When the air flow rate is 60 m3/h and the air outlet temperatures are 70 ℃ and 50 ℃, the heat utilization rates are 76.0% and 54%, respectively. The heat storage device has good thermal insulation performance, high energy density and high thermal efficiency, which can provide a reference for the miniaturization design of electric heating high temperature phase change heat storage devices.
关键词
电动汽车 /
蓄热 /
放热 /
高温储热装置 /
相变材料 /
电制热
Key words
electric vehicle /
heat storage /
heat release /
high temperature heat storage device /
phase change material /
electric heating
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