厌氧消化（AD）是厨余垃圾清洁能源化的主流工艺,通过构建AD与微生物电解池（MEC）耦合工艺（AD-MEC）,基于全生命周期评价（LCA）对比AD与AD-MEC耦合工艺处理厨余垃圾产甲烷的环境影响,解析各功能单元的环境影响贡献,并提出优化方案。结果表明,与传统AD工艺相比,新型AD-MEC耦合工艺在富营养化、气候变化、水资源消耗、酸化和初级能源消耗的环境影响潜值均低于AD工艺,削减比例分别为70.28%、39.53%、92.29%、49.68%和41.2%。贡献源解析发现,AD-MEC耦合工艺的预处理和污水处理单元为环境影响的主要贡献源,MEC和AD单元影响较小。基于此,对AD-MEC耦合工艺进行优化,将废水处理单元的出水回用至预处理单元,水资源消耗的环境影响潜值进一步削减61.48%。可见,采用AD-MEC耦合工艺进行厨余垃圾厌氧产沼,通过沼液的深度利用、沼气净化提质和废水回用,可有效减少厨余垃圾处理工艺对环境的影响和资源消耗,具有显著的经济效益和生态环境价值。
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion （AD） is the mainstream process for clean energy utilization of food waste. By constructing a coupled process （AD-MEC） of AD and microbial electrolysis cells （MEC）, the environmental impacts of AD and AD-MEC, which produced methane by treating food waste, were compared based on whole life cycle assessment （LCA）. The environmental impact contribution of each functional unit was analyzed, and an optimization scheme was proposed. The results showed that compared with the traditional AD process, the potential environmental impacts of the new AD-MEC were lower than those of the AD in terms of eutrophication, climate change, water consumption, acidification and primary energy consumption, with reduction ratios of 70.28%, 39.53%, 92.29%, 49.68% and 41.2% respectively. The analysis of the contributing sources revealed that the pretreatment and wastewater treatment units of the coupled AD-MEC process were the main contributors to the environmental impact, with the MEC and AD units having a smaller impact. Based on the result, the coupled AD-MEC was optimized and the effluent from the wastewater treatment unit was reused in the pre-treatment unit. The potential environmental impact of water consumption was further reduced by 61.48%. Therefore, the AD-MEC coupled process for biogas production from food waste has significant economic and ecological value by effectively reducing the environmental impact and resource consumption of the food waste treatment process through the in-depth utilization of the biogas slurry, the purification and quality of the biogas and the reuse of the wastewater.
关键词
厨余垃圾 /
厌氧消化 /
微生物电催化 /
甲烷 /
全生命周期评价 /
贡献源解析
Key words
food waste /
anaerobic digestion /
microbial electrocatalysis /
methane /
whole life cycle assessment /
contribution source analysis
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2019YFD1100304）
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