用OpenFOAM开源软件对水平轴水轮机进行数值模拟,以推力T作为体积力附加源项均匀加载到制动盘模型（AD）,进行求解计算。在尖端速度比（TSR）为5.5的条件下,对自由区、单台水轮机、水轮机阵列3种情况下的流场进行分析。结果显示：在来流上游时,三者流速曲线吻合,流速增长趋势一致。水流在AD前端时,AD会对其有阻力作用,导致流速大幅下降。在尾流处,在水轮机阵列上游中,并列两侧水轮机尾流与下游水轮机流场发生动能交换,使其尾流恢复速度大于单台水轮机尾流速度。然而,无论是单台水轮机还是水轮机阵列,它们轴线方向上的中部尾流恢复严重不足,这是由于尾流的干涉使得下游水轮机的来流速度不断减小,其可吸收转化的能量也减少,速度随之减小,尾流也无法恢复。
Abstract
The actuator disc （AD） model combined with the CFD method has the advantage of being computationally less expensive and more efficient than the CFD advective mesh technique. The OpenFOAM open source software is used and the thrust T is uniformly loaded into the AD as an additional source term for the body force. The flow field is analyzed for three cases： free zone, single turbine and array turbine at top speed ratio （TSR） 5.5. The results show that at the upstream of the incoming flow, the three flow velocity profiles coincide and the flow velocity increases in the same trend. When the water is at the front of the AD, the AD acts as a drag on it, resulting in a significant drop in flow velocity. At the wake, in the upstream of the array turbine, kinetic energy is exchanged between the turbine wake and the downstream turbine flow field on both sides of the parallel, causing the wake to recover at a greater rate than the single turbine wake. However, at the horizontal cross-sectional velocity at the centre of the rotor, the wake recovery is severely under-recovered in both the single turbine and the array turbine. The reason for this is that due to the interference of the wake, the incoming flow velocity from the downstream turbine is continuously reduced and the amount of energy that can be absorbed and transformed decreases, and the wake cannot be recovered.
关键词
潮流能 /
致动盘 /
数值模拟 /
水平轴水轮机 /
尖端速度比 /
尾流场
Key words
tidal energy /
actuator disc /
numerical simulation /
horizontal axis turbines /
tip speed ratio /
wake field
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52101356; 52001138）; 江苏省教育厅高等学校自然科学研究面上项目（21KJB580011）; 江苏海洋大学研究生科研与实践创新计划（KYCX2021-023）
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