为解决现有的超声波测风仪存在的测量精度不高、受环境温湿度及阴影效应等因素影响较大等问题,提出基于互射式三阵元超声波传感器阵列结构的风矢量测量方法。设计的测风结构由3个收发一体式超声波传感器组成,根据三阵元系统结构特性结合时差法建立风矢量测量模型,消除温湿度及阴影效应对风矢量测量的影响,运用基于相关法的时延估计方法并结合快速傅里叶变换进行传播时间估计,减少算法的计算复杂度。最后,进行模拟仿真实验验证所提算法的有效性,并通过搭建的互射式三阵元超声波测风系统进行实测数据验证。在实测环境下风速测量的相对误差为2.75%、风向测量的误差为2.5°,基本达到测风领域的技术要求。
Abstract
In order to solve the problems existing in the current ultrasonic wind measuring instrument, such as low measurement accuracy, great influence by environment temperature, humidity and shadow effect. A wind vector measurement method is proposed based on an ultrasonic sensor array structure with three mutually transmitting array elements. The wind measuring structure in this paper is composed of three transceiver integrated ultrasonic sensors. Combined with time-difference method, wind vector measurement model is built according to the structural characteristics of three-array-element system for eliminating the influence of environment temperature, humidity and shadow effect on wind vector measurement. Combined with fast Fourier transform, a time delay estimation method based on correlation method is used to estimate the propagation time, and the computational complexity of the algorithm is reduced. At last, simulation experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and the wind measurement system with three mutually transmitting ultrasonic sensors is built for measured data experiments. According to the actual test results, the relative error of wind speed is 2.75% and the measuring error of wind direction is 2.5°, which basically meets the technical requirements in the field of wind measurement.
关键词
风速风向测量 /
超声波测量 /
时延测量 /
相关法 /
互射式三阵元
Key words
anemometry /
ultrasonic measurement /
time measurement /
correlation method /
three mutually transmitting ultrasonic sensors
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基金
吉林省自然科学基金（YDZJ202301ZYTS412）
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