利用ERA5再分析资料研究中国近海太阳能年际、季节、月尺度和不同海区的时空分布特征,评估太阳能资源丰富程度,并对太阳能资源总量进行估算。结果表明：多年平均海上太阳总辐射范围为4886~7611 MJ/m2,年均辐射为6429 MJ/m2;太阳辐射随春、夏、秋、冬季节的变化而逐渐减小,分别为1894、1827、1462、1287 MJ/m2,春季最大、冬季最小,春夏季基本持平;月均总辐射在春季5月份最大,为650 MJ/m2,在冬季12月份最小,为377 MJ/m2。从空间上来看,渤海、黄海、东海太阳总辐射相近,年均辐射分别为5625、5581、5622 MJ/m2,南海中西部和中东部年均辐射量最大,并呈现出向南北两端递减的趋势,年均辐射为6843 MJ/m2,较渤、黄、东3个海区辐射平均值高出22%。经估算,中国近海太阳能资源年总量约为14×109 GWh,水深H<10、30、50 m的海域太阳能资源年总量分别约为600×106、1700×106、2800×106 GWh,总体来说海上太阳能资源很丰富,具有巨大的开发利用价值。
Abstract
Based on the ERA5 reanalysis dataset, the temporal and spatial variability characteristics of Chinese offshore solar energy （OSE） resources are analyzed at annual, seasonal and monthly scales in different sea areas. The richness level and the reserve of the OSE resources are evaluated. The results show that the annual offshore global horizontal radiation （GHR） is in the range of 4886-7611 MJ/m2, and the annual mean value is 6429 MJ/m2. The seasonal GHR has a decreasing trend from spring to winter with the corresponding values, 1894, 1827, 1462, 1287 MJ/m2. GHR has a maximum in spring, with little difference to summer, and it has a minimum in winter. On a monthly scale, the maximum of GHR of 650 MJ/m2 occurs in May and the minimum of 377 MJ/m2 in December. In terms of spatial distribution, the GHR in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East Sea have similar values of 5625, 5581 and 5622 MJ/m2, respectively. The South Sea's annual GHR of 6843 MJ/m2 is the highest of the four, 22% higher than the average GHR of the other three. In the South Sea, the maximum occurs in the mid-east part and mid-west part, with a downward trend towards the north and south part. The annual OSE resources reserve is estimated at 14×109 GWh. It's 600×106, 1700×106, 2800×106 GWh for those sea areas when their water depth is less than 10, 30, 50 m, respectively. As a whole, OSE is abundant in the China Sea and has great value to develop and exploit.
关键词
可再生能源资源 /
太阳能 /
资源评估 /
近海 /
分布特征
Key words
renewable energy resources /
solar energy /
resource valuation /
offshore /
distribution characteristics
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2019YFB1504401）
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