一种大规模链式电池储能系统分层式并行均衡器

刘红锐; 张彬; 刘威; 林子恒

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-1305

PDF(2387 KB)

太阳能学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6) : 91-98. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-1305

一种大规模链式电池储能系统分层式并行均衡器

刘红锐, 张彬, 刘威, 林子恒

作者信息 +

HIERARCHICAL PARALLEL EQUALIZER FOR LARGE-SCALE CHAIN BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

Liu Hongrui, Zhang Bin, Liu Wei, Lin Ziheng

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

针对大规模链式电池储能系统,提出一种分层式并行均衡器。该均衡器采用两层主动均衡：第1层均衡可实现电池系统中所有单体电池同时进行能量均衡,均衡速度快且不受串联单体电池数目的影响;第2层均衡可实现来自不同电池组的多个电池单元的并行均衡充、放电,均衡速度快、效率高。该文对均衡器工作原理和均衡控制策略进行分析,为验证所提均衡方法的有效性,搭建由12个单体锂离子电池串联组成的电池系统实验平台进行均衡实验。理论和实验结果均表明,该均衡拓扑的均衡速度快、均衡效率高、模块化强、易扩展。

Abstract

A hierarchical parallel equalizer is proposed for large-scale chain battery energy storage systems. The equalizer adopts two layers of active balance, the first layer balance and the second layer balance. The first layer balance enables all batteries in the battery system to be balanced simultaneously, its balancing speed is fast and not affected by the number of single batteries in series. The second layer balance enables the parallel balance charging and discharging of multiple battery units from different battery packs, with fast balance speed and high efficiency. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed balance method, the working principle of the equalizer and the balancing control strategy is analyzed in this paper, and a battery system consisting of 12 single lithium-ion batteries connected in series is set up for balancing experiments. Both theoretical and experimental results show that the balance topology has fast balance speed, high balance efficiency, strong modularization and easy expansion.

导出引用

刘红锐, 张彬, 刘威, 林子恒. 一种大规模链式电池储能系统分层式并行均衡器[J]. 太阳能学报. 2023, 44(6): 91-98 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-1305

Liu Hongrui, Zhang Bin, Liu Wei, Lin Ziheng. HIERARCHICAL PARALLEL EQUALIZER FOR LARGE-SCALE CHAIN BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2023, 44(6): 91-98 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2022-1305

中图分类号： TM912

参考文献

[1] 蔡敏怡, 张娥, 林靖, 等. 串联锂离子电池组均衡拓扑综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(15): 5294-5311.
CAI M Y, ZHANG E, LIN J, et al.Review on balancing topology of lithium-ion battery pack[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(15): 5294-5311.
[2] 王鹿军, 柯锦洋, 詹敏, 等. 基于四管双向变换器的退役电池组有源快速均衡方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(14): 5254-5266.
WANG L J, KE J Y, ZHAN M, et al.Active fast equalization method for retired battery pack based on four switch bidirectional converter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(14): 5254-5266.
[3] LO K Y, CHEN Y M, CHANG Y R.Bidirectional single-stage grid-connected inverter for a battery energy storage system[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2017, 64(6): 4581-4590.
[4] 罗芬, 凌志斌. 以容量利用率最大化为目标的电池储能系统均衡电流分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2020, 41(4): 318-325.
LUO F, LING Z B.Balance current analysis of battery energy storage system based on capacity utilization maximization[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2020, 41(4): 318-325.
[5] 刘红锐, 古栋华, 李海瑞, 等. 一种串联锂离子电池组P-C-C-P均衡器及其控制方法[J]. 汽车工程, 2022, 44(3): 372-378.
LIU H R, GU D H, LI H R, et al.A P-C-C-P equalizer and its control methods for lithium-ion batteries in series[J]. Automotive engineering, 2022, 44(3): 372-378.
[6] DAI H F, WEI X Z, SUN Z C, et al.A novel dual-inductor based charge equalizer for traction battery cells of electric vehicles[J]. International journal of electrical power & energy systems, 2015, 67: 627-638.
[7] UNO M, TANAKA K.Single-switch multioutput charger using voltage multiplier for series-connected lithium-ion battery/supercapacitor equalization[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2013, 60(8): 3227-3239.
[8] KIM M Y, KIM C H, KIM J H, et al.A chain structure of switched capacitor for improved cell balancing speed of lithium-ion batteries[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2014, 61(8): 3989-3999.
[9] 刘俊峰, 高鹏举, 廖武兵, 等. 基于储能电容复用的超级电容阵列自均衡拓扑结构的分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊1): 372-380.
LIU J F, GAO P J, LIAO W B, et al.Analysis of voltage self-balancing topology of super-capacitor array based on reutilization of super-capacitors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(S1): 372-380.
[10] 刘红锐, 张开翔, 张彬, 等. 一种双超级电容倍压式串联蓄电池系统并行均衡器[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2021, 41(10): 156-161.
LIU H R, ZHANG K X, ZHANG B, et al.Parallel equalizer of double supercapacitors voltage doubling battery system[J]. Electric power automation equipment, 2021, 41(10): 156-161.
[11] SCHAEF C, DIN E, STAUTH J T.A hybrid switched-capacitor battery management IC with embedded diagnostics for series-stacked Li-ion arrays[J]. IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, 2017, 52(12): 3142-3154.
[12] ZHENG X X, LIU X T, HE Y, et al.Active vehicle battery equalization scheme in the condition of constant-voltage/current charging and discharging[J]. IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, 2017, 66(5): 3714-3723.
[13] 李小龙, 徐顺刚, 许建平, 等. 一种单电感双向电池均衡电路[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2019, 23(4): 90-97.
LI X L, XU S G, XU J P, et al.Single-inductor bidirectional battery equalizer[J]. Electric machines and control, 2019, 23(4): 90-97.
[14] PHUNG T H, COLLET A, CREBIER J C.An optimized topology for next-to-next balancing of series-connected lithium-ion cells[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2014, 29(9): 4603-4613.
[15] 刘征宇, 武银行, 李鹏飞, 等. 基于Cuk斩波电路的电池组均衡方法[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2019, 40(2): 233-241.
LIU Z Y, WU Y H, LI P F, et al.Battery pack equalization method based on Cuk chopper circuit[J]. Chinese journal of scientific instrument, 2019, 40(2): 233-241.
[16] 刘征宇, 孙庆, 马亚东, 等. 基于Buck-Boost电路的能量转移型均衡方案[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2017, 21(9): 73-79.
LIU Z Y, SUN Q, MA Y D, et al.Energy-transferring equalization scheme based on Buck-Boost circuit[J]. Electric machines and control, 2017, 21(9): 73-79.
[17] 刘征宇, 许亚娟. 基于Buck-Boost电路的分层均衡方案[J]. 仪器仪表学报, 2018, 39(11): 87-94.
LIU Z Y, XU Y J.Hierarchical equalization scheme based on Buck-Boost circuit[J]. Chinese journal of scientific instrument, 2018, 39(11): 87-94.
[18] LEE K M, CHUNG Y C, SUNG C H, et al.Active cell balancing of Li-ion batteries using LC series resonant circuit[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2015, 62(9): 5491-5501.
[19] LI S Q, MI C C, ZHANG M Y.A high-efficiency active battery-balancing circuit using multiwinding transformer[J]. IEEE transactions on industry applications, 2013, 49(1): 198-207.
[20] ZHANG Z L, GUI H D, GU D J, et al.A hierarchical active balancing architecture for lithium-ion batteries[J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2017, 32(4): 2757-2768.