大型化风力机存在塔筒与叶片的脱落涡相互诱导的现象,极大影响机组的安全运行。为探究两者涡激互扰特性,该文以NREL 5 MW风力机为研究对象,分别选取距离地面65、70、75和80 m高度的塔筒与叶片共存的二维截面,开展6、8、10、12与14 m/s风况下数值模拟,并与单塔筒工况计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,叶片与塔筒的尾涡存在严重相互诱导干涉;与单塔筒绕流工况相比,塔筒特定点压力值增长了1.5倍,升力系数出现多个响应幅值且其最大约为单塔筒的6倍;塔筒与叶片尾涡出现相互合并且脱落频率一致,涡激作用增强;塔筒-叶片工况下的涡脱频率较单塔筒降低,更易与风力机低阶固有频率出现交叉,风力机极可能出现共振。
Abstract
The phenomenon of vortex-induced mutual interference between the tower and blade exists in large-scale wind turbines, significantly affecting their safe operation. This paper investigates this characteristic by using the NREL 5 MW wind turbine as a model. It examines two-dimensional cross-sections where the tower and blade coexist at heights of 65, 70, 75, and 80 meters from the ground. Numerical simulations are conducted under wind conditions of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 m/s, and the results are compared with those from single-tower conditions. The findings reveal severe mutual interference between the blade and tower wakes; compared with the single-tower condition, the pressure at a specific point on the tower increases by 1.5 times, and the lift coefficient experiences multiple magnitude responses, with its maximum being about 6 times that of the single tower. Additionally, the wake vortices of the tower and blade appear to merge and share the same frequency, enhancing vortex excitation. The vortex shedding frequency in the combined blade-tower condition is lower than in the single-tower case, making it more likely to synchronize with the lower-order natural frequencies of the wind turbine, thereby potentially increasing the risk of resonance.
关键词
风力机 /
涡脱落 /
计算流体力学 /
涡激振动 /
尾流
Key words
wind turbines /
vortex shedding /
computational fluid dynamics /
vortex-induced vibration /
wakes
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基金
国家自然科学基金（51876054; 11502070; 12102125）; 江苏风力发电工程技术中心开放基金（ZK22-03-01）; 南通市科技项目（JC2021108）
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