采用数值模拟的方法,分别以基于NACA0021和NACA0018翼型表面带吸气缝叶片的升力型垂直轴风力机为二维、三维研究对象,研究叶片表面施加吸气对提高升力型（H型）垂直轴风力机叶片做功性能的效果。通过开展二维模拟研究,探究多吸气缝在叶片吸力面上的位置对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响,并对比研究吸气和吹气这两种常用的主动流动控制方法提升垂直轴风力机风能利用净效率的区别。在此基础上,对叶片表面采用吸气控制的垂直轴风力机进行三维数值模拟分析,并将其获能特性与采用波浪前缘叶片即被动流动控制后的垂直轴风力机的性能进行了比较。结果表明,当多吸气缝位置位于距离叶片前缘10%~15%弦长区域范围内时,能最好地抑制垂直轴风力机叶片表面的流动分离,改善叶片的气动性能。与吹气控制方法相比,叶片表面采用吸气控制后的风力机的风能利用净效率在全叶尖速比下的增幅更加明显;而与波浪前缘控制方法相比,采用吸气控制后风力机风能利用净效率在低尖速比下提升效果更为显著,最大提升幅度可达到140%。该文研究结果表明吸气方式可使垂直轴风力机的效率在较大的运行工况内都有明显提高,与吹气和波浪前缘的方法相比在提升风力机气动性能效果方面更为显著,因此也更具工程应用的潜力和优势。
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of the steady-suction-based flow control method used to improve the aerodynamic performance of a lift type （H-type） vertical-axis wind turbine （VAWT） was numerically investigated. Suction slots were designed on both sides of the VAWT blade surface to control flow separations by removing low-momentum fluid. Both two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations have been performed on VAWTs with NACA0021 and NACA0018 blades, respectively in order to provide a baseline for flow control comparisons. Firstly, a two-dimensional CFD model was developed to explore the influence of the location of multiple suction slots on the blade surface on the power performance of the vertical-axis wind turbine. In addition, the effectiveness of two commonly used active flow control methods-suction and blowing that were used to enhance the wind energy utilization efficiency of the VAWT was then comparatively studied. Secondly, three-dimensional transient unsteady CFD simulations were also carried out to simulate the VAWT with suction on all blades for the purposes of comparing its performance with that of the VAWT having blades with the leading-edge serrations. From the obtained results, we found that the best suction control effectiveness can be attained with the multi-suction slots placed within the 10%-15% chord length region from the leading-edge of the blade. Compared with the blowing, the net wind energy utilization efficiency of the VAWT with suction control can be increased more apparently for the whole range of tip-speed ratio. Moreover, the performance of the suction control is also superior to the leading-edge serration-based passive flow control in terms of maximizing the net wind energy utilization efficiency of the VAWT especially at low tip-speed ratio with the maximum increment of 140%. Therefore, the suction flow control method shows great potential for practical applications due to its high efficiency and relatively low energy consumption.
关键词
数值模拟 /
垂直轴风力机 /
流动控制 /
吸气 /
气动性能
Key words
numerical simulation /
VAWTs /
flow control /
suction /
aerodynamic performance
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] KUIK G, PEINKE J, NIJSSEN R, et al.Long-term research challenges in wind energy-a research agenda by the European Academy of Wind Energy[J]. Wind energy science, 2016, 1(1): 1-39.
[2] ISMAIL M F, VIJAYARAGHAVAN K.The effects of aerofoil profile modification on a vertical axis wind turbine performance[J]. Energy, 2015, 80: 20-31.
[3] 季康, 李春, 阳君, 等. 尾缘襟翼动态气动特性与控制策略研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2017, 38(7): 1912-1920.
JI K, LI C, YANG J, et al.Research on dynamic aerodynamic performance and flow control of airfoil with flap[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2017, 38(7): 1912-1920.
[4] SOBHANI E, GHAFFARI M, MAGHREBI M J.Numerical investigation of dimple effects on darrieus vertical axis wind turbine[J]. Energy, 2017, 133: 231-241.
[5] ZHONG J W, LI J Y, GUO P H, et al.Dynamic stall control on a vertical axis wind turbine aerofoil using leading-edge rod[J]. Energy, 2019, 174: 246-260.
[6] YAN Y, AVITAL E, WILLIAMS J, et al.Aerodynamic performance improvements of a vertical axis wind turbine by leading-edge protuberance[J]. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 2021, 211: 104535.
[7] DANNENBERG R E, WEIBERG J A.Section characteristics of a 10.5-percent thick airfoil with area suction as affected by chordwise distribution of permeability[R].NASA TN-2847, 1952.
[8] 罗帅, 缪维跑, 刘青松, 等. 吸气控制策略对垂直轴风力机气动性能影响研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(5): 287-295.
LUO S, MIAO W P, LIU Q S, et al.Study on influence of suction control strategy on aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbine[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(5): 287-295.
[9] ATZORI M, VINUESA R, FAHLAND G, et al.Aerodynamic effects of uniform blowing and suction on a NACA4412 airfoil[J]. Flow, turbulence and combustion, 2020, 105(3): 735-759.
[10] 张玲, 高胜强, 赵建勋, 等. 定常吸气对风力机气动性能影响的数值模拟[J]. 太阳能学报, 2018, 39(8): 2155-2162.
ZHANG L, GAO S Q, ZHAO J X, et al.Numerical simulation of influence of steady inhalation on aerodynamic performance of wind turbine[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2018, 39(8): 2155-2162.
[11] REZAEIHA A, MONTAZERI H, BLOCKEN B.Active flow control for power enhancement of vertical axis wind turbines: leading-edge slot suction[J]. Energy, 2019, 189: 116131.
[12] SUN J J, SUN X J, HUANG D G.Aerodynamics of vertical-axis wind turbine with boundary layer suction-effects of suction momentum[J]. Energy, 2020, 209: 118446.
[13] SUN X J, XU Y Q, HUANG D G.Numerical simulation and research on improving aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbine by co-flow jet[J]. Journal of renewable and sustainable energy, 2019, 11(1): 013303.
[14] SASSON B, GREENBLATT D.Effect of leading-edge slot blowing on a vertical axis wind turbine[J]. AIAA journal, 2011, 49(9): 1932-1942.
[15] YEN J, AHMED N A.Enhancing vertical axis wind turbine by dynamic stall control using synthetic jets[J]. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics, 2013, 114: 12-17.
[16] MOHAMMADI M, MAGHREBI M J.Improvement of wind turbine aerodynamic performance by vanquishing stall with active multi air jet blowing[J]. Energy, 2021, 224: 120176.
[17] ZHU H T, HAO W X, LI C, et al.Application of flow control strategy of blowing, synthetic and plasma jet actuators in vertical axis wind turbines[J]. Aerospace science and technology, 2019, 88: 468-480.
[18] RACITI CASTELLI M, ENGLARO A, BENINI E.The Darrieus wind turbine: proposal for a new performance prediction model based on CFD[J]. Energy, 2011, 36(8): 4919-4934.
[19] 向斌, 缪维跑, 李春, 等. 垂直轴风力机叶片尾缘主动式格尼襟翼气动效率研究分析[J]. 热能动力工程, 2020, 35(4): 242-250.
XIANG B, MIAO W P, LI C, et al.Research of aerodynamic efficiency of active gurney flaps on the trailing edge of vertical axis wind turbine blades[J]. Journal of engineering for thermal energy and power, 2020, 35(4): 242-250.
[20] GHASEMIAN M, ASHRAFI Z N, SEDAGHAT A.A review on computational fluid dynamic simulation techniques for Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines[J]. Energy conversion and management, 2017, 149: 87-100.
[21] MÜLLER-VAHL H F, NAYERI C N, PASCHEREIT C O, et al. Dynamic stall control via adaptive blowing[J]. Renewable energy, 2016, 97: 47-64.
[22] KIM J, PARK Y M, LEE J, et al.Numerical investigation of jet angle effect on airfoil stall control[J]. Applied sciences, 2019, 9(15): 2960.
[23] KANG T J, PARK W G.Numerical investigation of active control for an S809 wind turbine airfoil[J]. International journal of precision engineering and manufacturing, 2013, 14(6): 1037-1041.
[24] BALDUZZI F, BIANCHINI A, MALECI R, et al.Critical issues in the CFD simulation of Darrieus wind turbines[J]. Renewable energy, 2016, 85: 419-435.
[25] BUNDI J M, BAN X J, WEKESA D W, et al.Pitch control of small H-type Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines using advanced gain scheduling techniques[J]. Renewable energy, 2020, 161: 756-765.
[26] YAN Y, AVITAL E, WILLIAMS J, et al.Performance improvements for a vertical axis wind turbine by means of gurney flap[J]. Journal of fluids engineering, 2020, 142(2): 021205.
PDF(5444 KB)
