针对大功率风电机组气动分析过程中叶素动量（BEM）理论计算精度不高、三维计算流体力学（CFD）仿真分析计算时间长的问题,以某5 MW风电叶片翼型数据为参考,分析不同风轮尺度下BEM与CFD的计算精度和效率;基于几何相似、运动相似和动力相似理论,推导缩比模型与原型之间的几何、运动、力学参数的比例关系,比较不同几何比例尺下风电叶片的气动性能;以几何比例尺为参考,建立大尺度风轮高精度缩比模型,分析多种工况下缩比模型CFD仿真的计算精度与效率。研究结果表明：风轮尺度越大,CFD与BEM分析的结果相对差值越大,多种工况下大尺度风轮缩比模型气动性能基本与原型保持一致,但计算效率获得大幅提升。
Abstract
In the process of aerodynamic analysis of high-power wind turbines, the calculation accuracy of BEM theory is not high, and the calculation time of 3D CFD simulation is long. Based on the data of a 5 MW wind turbine blade profile, the calculation accuracy and efficiency of BEM and CFD under different wind turbine scales are analyzed. Based on the principle of similarity, the proportional relationships of geometric, kinematic and mechanical parameters between the scaled model and the prototype are deduced. And the aerodynamic performance of the wind-electric blade under different geometric scales is compared. Taking geometric scale as reference, a large-scale wind wheel model with high precision is established. Then the computational accuracy and efficiency of CFD numerical simulation with the scaled model are analyzed under various conditions. The results show that the relative difference between the analysis results of BEM and CFD increases with the wind turbine size. The aerodynamic performance of the scaled model for large-scale wind turbine can keep basically consistent with that of the prototype model under various conditions. However, the computational efficiency for aerodynamic analysis is significantly improved.
关键词
风电机组 /
叶片 /
相似理论 /
计算流体力学 /
比例模型 /
叶素动量理论
Key words
wind turbines /
blades /
similarity theory /
computational fluid dynamics （CFD） /
scale model /
blade element momentum （BEM）
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基金
国家自然科学基金（51805163; 52075164; 52205098）; 湖南省自然科学基金（2019JJ50192）
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