通过数值模拟和模型实验相结合的方式,研究水轮机近域的流场特性对其水动力性能的影响,分析远域下不同入流速度和尖速比等因素对尾流场特性的影响。研究结果表明,在设计尖速比下,水轮机能量转换效率的数值模拟结果（0.37）与实验结果（0.36）的误差为0.3%,水轮机阻力系数的数值模拟结果（0.73）与实验结果（0.76）的误差为-4%,验证了数值模拟方法的准确性;水轮机梢部存在明显的三维流动现象,水轮机盘前梢部存在由叶根流向叶梢的径向流速（0.24 m/s）,盘后梢部存在由叶梢流向叶根的径向流速（0.14 m/s）,该叶片梢部尾流区的“下洗”流速导致水轮机能量转换效率下降;入流速度不会对尾流区轴向速度的恢复产生显著影响;在近尾流区（距离盘面小于5D）随尖速比的增加,尾流区轴向速度恢复呈逐渐降低的趋势,而在距离水轮机盘面超过10D之后,尖速比不会对尾流轴向速度恢复产生明显影响,但尖速比的增加会使梢涡存在时间变短,梢涡破碎的位置更靠近水轮机盘面。
Abstract
This article combines numerical simulations and model experiments to study the influence of flow field characteristics on the hydrodynamic performance of turbines in the near-field. The effect of different factors such as inflow velocity and tip-speed ratio on the wake field characteristics in the far-field is analyzed. The research results show that the relative error of power coefficient between the numerical simulation result （0.37） and the experimental result （0.36） is 0.3% at the designed tip speed ratio, and the relative error of drag coefficient between the numerical simulation result （0.73） and the experimental result （0.76） is -4%. There are significant three-dimensional flow phenomena at the blade tip of the tidal turbine, there is a radial velocity （0.24 m/s） at the front of the turbine disk which flows from the blade root to the tip, and there is a radial velocity （0.14 m/s） at the rear of the turbine disk which flows from the blade tip to the root. The downwash flow velocity near the wake zone of the blade tip causes a decrease in the energy conversion efficiency of the turbine. The inflow velocity has no a significant impact on the recovery of axial velocity in the wake region; In the near wake region （within 5D distance from the disk）, with the increase of tip-speed ratio, the recovery of axial velocity in the wake shows a gradually decreasing trend. When the distance from the water turbine disk exceeds 10D, the tip-speed ratio does not have a significant effect on the recovery of axial velocity in the wake. However, the increase of tip-speed ratio will shorten the existence time of the blade vortex and make the location where the blade vortex is broken closer to the water turbine disk.
关键词
潮流能 /
数值模拟 /
模型试验 /
水轮机 /
流场特性 /
粒子图像测速技术（PIV） /
水动力特性
Key words
tidal energy /
numerical simulation /
model test /
water turbine /
flow field characteristics /
praticle image velocimetry（PIV） /
hydrodynamic characteristic
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基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金（U1706227）; 山东省自然科学基金青年项目（ZR2022QE282）
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