在中国实现“双碳”战略目标的背景下,氢能将成为能源转型的关键。中国海上风电资源丰富,但面临并网难、输送难、成本高等挑战。直接电解海水制氢或可解决大规模制氢水源限制,同时解决深远海可再生能源输送难、制氢成本高的问题,具有巨大潜力。回顾电解海水制氢技术的发展历程,比较现有几种电解水制氢的方式,阐述目前技术所面临的挑战和机遇,并展望电解海水制氢产业的未来。以某海上油气公司为例,探讨能源型支柱企业在推动海上风电和电解海水制氢技术融合方面的产业化可能性。结合已有工程装备,针对如何降低成本、避免同质化竞争、发展特色技术等提出思考性建议,其中包括完善海上风电设施布局,推动发展电解海水制氢技术,提升氢气输送的保障能力,以及实现海上绿色能源岛协同发展等。
Abstract
In the context of achieving the "dual-carbon" strategy in China, hydrogen energy will play a bridging and supporting role in the future energy transition. As a promising green energy technology, renewable energy electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen has attracted widespread attention. China has abundant offshore wind energy resources; however, there are currently challenges in grid connection, transmission, and high costs. Considering the high investment and production costs of seawater desalination and purification, as well as the complex treatment processes involved, the direct electrolysis of seawater for hydrogen production offers the potential to overcome the limitations of large-scale hydrogen production water sources. It can also address the challenges of transmitting renewable energy from deep-sea locations and the high on-site hydrogen production costs, resulting in significant economic and social benefits. This article reviews the development of seawater electrolysis technology, compares several existing electrolysis methods for hydrogen production, discusses the current challenges and opportunities, and provides an outlook on the future of the seawater electrolysis hydrogen production industry. Taking an offshore oil and gas company as an example, it explores the possibilities for energy enterprises to promote the integration of offshore wind power and seawater electrolysis technology on an industrial scale. It also suggests measures to reduce costs, avoid homogenous competition, and develop distinctive technologies, including improving the layout of offshore wind power facilities, developing seawater electrolysis technology, enhancing hydrogen transportation and storage capabilities, and achieving coordinated development of offshore green energy islands.
关键词
电解水 /
制氢 /
海上风电 /
氢能经济 /
电解海水
Key words
electrolysis of water /
hydrogen production /
offshore wind power /
hydrogen energy economy /
seawater electrolysis
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