电解水制氢技术的应用可更好地促进可再生能源的消纳,提升含高比例可再生能源的电力系统调节灵活性,碱性电解槽因成本低、结构简单、技术成熟等特征广泛应用于工业电解领域。然而,由于其低载工况电解效率较低,导致其难以全范围跟踪波动性可再生能源。针对这一问题,该文首先从电解槽激励电场分布的角度揭示高低载效率差异机理,并提出基于激励电场重塑的最优功率脉宽调制（OP-PWM）策略,然后设计适用于脉冲电解的双级式变流器,并对关键性控制参数进行分析。最后,通过搭建的光伏直驱电解制氢平台对所述理论进行验证。实验结果表明：相比于传统直流电解模式,OP-PWM策略可显著提升低载效率,提升幅度达到1.8倍。若将最小电解效率约束条件定为48%,则OP-PWM控制策略可将电解槽运行范围由28%~100%额定功率扩展至20%~100%额定功率。
Abstract
The application of hydrogen production technology through water electrolysis can promote the consumption of renewable energy and enhance the flexibility of power system regulation, especially in systems with a high proportion of renewable energy. Alkaline water electrolyzers （AWEs） are widely used in the field of industrial electrolysis due to their low cost, simple structure, and mature technology. However, the low electrolysis efficiency of AWES under low load conditions makes it difficult to effectively utilize the fluctuating renewable energy power over the wide range. To address this issue, this paper firstly reveals the mechanism behind the difference in high- and low-load efficiency from the perspective of the distribution of the exciting electric field inside the electrolytic cells. An optimal power pulse-width modulation （OP-PWM） strategy is proposed to reshape the internal electric field distribution under low load conditions. A two-stage converter for pulse electrolysis has been designed. And key control parameters are analyzed. Moreover, the proposed theory is validated through an experimental platform for photovoltaic direct-drive electrolytic hydrogen production. The experimental results show that the OP-PWM strategy can significantly improve the low-load efficiency compared to the dc electrolysis mode, with an increase of 1.8 times. Under the constraint of achieving an efficiency greater than 48%, the system operation has been improved from 28%-100% to 20%-100% of rated.
关键词
光伏 /
电解槽 /
DC/DC变流器 /
制氢 /
效率 /
最优功率脉宽调制
Key words
photovoltaic /
electrolytic cells /
DC/DC converters /
hydrogen production /
efficiency /
optimal power pulse-width modulation
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基金
国家电网有限公司总部科技项目（5108-202218280A-2-442-XG）
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