以高寒高海拔区某大型光伏电站中平单轴光伏支架系统为背景,依托ABAQUS有限元模拟软件,构建大跨度平单轴光伏支架-基础-面板一体化三维有限元模型,探讨极端环境下平单轴光伏跟踪系统关键构件的受荷特性与失稳变形机制,并藉此提供针对性的优化设计建议。结果表明,受极端风荷载作用,该大跨度平单轴光伏系统在最大跟踪角度下,其檩条最大应力达544.4 MPa,立柱最大位移达76.3 mm,致使局部檩条、H型钢桩存在潜在屈服破坏风险;上部结构各构件的变形与其所处位置有关,整体表现为沿主梁长轴方向呈波浪线型分布,两立柱的跨中位置同样多发生较大位移,且在光伏组件悬臂端部最为明显,其在风荷载作用下的最大变形甚至达153.2 mm。针对大跨度平单轴跟踪光伏系统中的薄弱部位,提出可增强局部构件的强度或改变局部结构特征等优化建议以增强其整体稳定性。
Abstract
Taking a large-scale photovoltaic power station in alpine and high-altitude area with flat uniaxial photovoltaic racking system as the background, relying on ABAQUS finite element simulation software, we constructed an integrated three-dimensional finite element model of large-span flat uniaxial photovoltaic bracketing-foundation-panel, explored the loading characteristics of the key components of the flat uniaxial photovoltaic tracking system and the mechanism of instability deformation in an extreme environment, and provided the targeted optimization design suggestions. The results show that, under extreme wind load, the maximum stress of purlins in this large-span PV system reaches 544.4 MPa and the maximum displacement of columns reaches 76.3 mm at the maximum tracking angle, resulting in the potential risk of yield damage of local purlins and H-type steel piles; the deformations of superstructure members are related to their locations, and the overall performance shows that they are distributed in a wavy pattern along the long axis of the main girder, the mid-span position of the two columns also has a large displacement. The maximum deformation under wind load is even 153.2 mm, which is most obvious at the cantilever end of the PV module, and it is proposed to enhance the strength of the local components or change the local structural characteristics to enhance the overall stability of the large-span flat uniaxial tracking PV system.
关键词
光伏系统 /
数值模拟 /
极端荷载 /
平单轴 /
力学特性 /
跟踪
Key words
photovoltaic system /
numerical modeling /
load limits /
flat uniaxial /
mechanical properties /
trackers
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基金
中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司科技项目（2023022701）
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