为抑制潮流能水轮机叶片根部的边界层流动分离,提高水轮机叶片的发电效率,将格尼襟翼（GF）和涡流发生器（VGs）附加件组合引入到潮流能水轮机叶片设计领域。以NACA63418翼型为对象,分别建立原始叶片、带GF叶片、带VGs叶片、带GF和VGs附加件组合的叶片模型。通过试验和CFD数值模拟相结合的方法,研究单独加装GF和VGs对水轮机三维扭曲叶片的影响效果和作用机理,进而开展GF和VGs组合式叶片附加件对水轮机叶片水动力学特性的影响规律的研究。结果表明：1） 对直径为700 mm的原始水轮机叶片,其叶片吸力侧根部容易发生流动分离和径向流动;2） 单独安装GF既能改善水轮机叶片根部翼型尾缘处的径向流动,又能增大叶片翼型的后半部分上下表面的压差,且当GF高度为2.0%C时,最佳叶尖速比（λ=5）下的叶片获能系数可提高约1.7%;3） 单独安装VGs可通过抑制叶片根部的流动分离,使处在最佳叶尖速比下的叶片获能系数提高约1.0%;4） 安装GF和VGs组合式叶片附加件可将单独加装二者的优势充分融合,既能有效抑制叶片根部的流动分离,又能全面增大叶片翼型上下表面的压差,叶片获能系数可提高约1.7%~4.8%,其中最佳叶尖速比下的叶片获能系数可提高约2.5%。
Abstract
In order to suppress the boundary layer flow separation at the root of the tidal turbine blade and improve the power efficiency of the tidal turbine blade, this paper introduces the combined circulation control of Gurney flap （GF） and Vortex generators （VGs） into the field of turbine blade design. Based on the NACA63418 hydrofoil, the blade models with GF, VGs, and their combination are established respectively. Through the combination of experiment and CFD numerical simulation, the effect of GF and VGs installed separately on the three-dimensional twisted blades of the turbine are studied, and then the research on the influence of their combination is carried out. The results show that： 1） For the original turbine blades with a diameter of 700 mm, the root of the blade suction side is prone to flow separation and radial flow; 2） Installing GF can not only improve the radial flow at the root of the turbine blade hydrofoil trailing edge, but also increase the pressure on the upper and lower surfaces of the second half of the blade hydrofoil, and when the GF height is 2.0%C （C is the chord length of the blade hydrofoil）, the power efficiency coefficient can be increased by about 1.7% at the optimal tip speed ratio （λ=5）; 3） Installing VGs can increase the power efficiency coefficient at the best tip speed ratio by about 1.0% by suppressing the flow separation at the blade root; 4） The combined circulation control of GF and VGs can combine both of their advantages, and it can not only effectively suppress the flow separation at the root of the blades, but also increase the pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the blade hydrofoil. The power efficiency can be increased by about 1.7%-4.8%, and the power efficiency coefficient at the best tip speed ratio can be increased by about 2.5%.
关键词
潮流能 /
水轮机叶片 /
数值模拟 /
涡流发生器 /
格尼襟翼 /
流动控制组合
Key words
tidal power /
blade hydrofoil /
numerical simulation /
vortex generators /
gurney flap /
combined flow control
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基金
山东省自然科学基金（ZR2021ME095）;国家重点研发计划（2018YFB1501903）;山东省重点研发计划（2019GGX103012）
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