基于非光滑凸包面减阻原理,通过分析半球型凸包不同结构参数下的绕流场特性得出其最优参数,在此基础上定义流线型凸包来探讨二者结构在减阻方面的差异,并分析凸包结构对风力机的影响。对附加两种凸包的NACA0012翼型及加入了半球型凸包的风力机进行数值模拟,并对其气动特性进行分析。研究表明：当半球型凸包的高度为弦长的0.4%时,其减阻效果最佳,并在攻角为10°~16°之间具有良好的减阻效果。附加间隔比为3的凸包结构将使翼型减阻效果达到最佳。半球型和流线型凸包结构均在攻角为14°时取得最好减阻效果,其最大减阻率分别为12.69%和17.39%。与半球型凸包结构相比,流线型凸包结构的外形曲率变化较小,使流动较好地贴合在流体与物体的交界处,以致黏性阻力的能耗更小。同时考虑到加工制造的工艺难度和实际情况,将优选的凸包结构应用于风力机叶片表面,与原始风力机相比,加入凸包结构的风力机能量利用区半径增大了20.68%;叶尖涡对高速流区域的影响降低,湍动能分布更加均匀,在额定工况下其扭矩和推力分别提升了14.72%和5.41%,提高了能量利用率及运行稳定性。
Abstract
Based on the drag reduction principle of non-smooth convex surfaces, the optimal parameters of hemispherical convex hull structure were determined by analyzing the flow field characteristics under different structural parameters. On this basis, streamlined convex hulls were defined to explore the differences in drag reduction between the two structures, and the impact of the convex hull structure on wind turbines was analyzed. Numerical simulations were conducted on NACA0012 airfoils with two types of convex hulls and on a wind turbine with hemispherical convex hulls, and their aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed. The study revealed that when the height of the hemispherical convex hull is 0.4% of the chord length, it achieves the best drag reduction, performing well within an angle of attack range of 10° to 16°. The convex hull structure with a spacing ratio of 3 provides the optimal drag reduction effect for the airfoil. Both hemispherical and streamlined convex hull structures achieve the best drag reduction at an angle of attack of 14°, with maximum drag reduction rates of 12.69% and 17.39%, respectively. Compared to the hemispherical convex hull structure, the streamlined convex hull structure has smaller curvature changes in shape, allowing the flow to adhere better at the fluid-object interface, thus reducing the energy consumption of viscous drag. Considering the manufacturing process difficulty and practical application, the optimized convex hull structures were applied to the surface of wind turbine blades. Compared to the original wind turbine, the radius of the energy utilization zone of the wind turbine with convex hull structures increased by 20.68%; The impact of tip vortices on the high-speed flow region was reduced, the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy became more uniform, and under rated conditions, its torque and thrust were increased by 14.72% and 5.41%, respectively. This improved the energy utilization rate and operational stability.
关键词
风力机 /
翼型 /
绕流场 /
减阻 /
凸包结构 /
数值模拟
Key words
wind turbines /
airfoils /
flow fields /
drag reduction /
convex hull structure /
numerical simulation
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基金
内蒙古自然科学基金（2023LHMS01010）
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