高海拔地区低温和低氧环境往往会对质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）无人机（UAV）的启动和巡航工作造成困难。为研究环境变量对不同海拔高度PEMFC的性能影响,分别在200、3000、4000 m高度下对燃料电池系统进行测试和分析。结果表明,随着海拔高度的上升,PEMFC系统输出性能不断降低。在3000 m高度低湿条件下采取阴极进气加热,电堆最大电流密度由0.38 A/cm2下降至0.33 A/cm2。而在4000 m高度夜间相对高湿环境下,进气预热后电堆最大电流密度由0.32 A/cm2提升至0.36 A/cm2。同时,结合系统仿真分析,建立无人机PEMFC在不同海拔环境下的性能预测模型,电池性能预测与实验数据误差不超过5%,可用于准确预评估机载电池的性能。
Abstract
Low temperature and oxygen content tend to cause difficulties for the unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） powered by proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） during the start-up and cruise stages at high altitude. In order to study the impact of environmental variable on the PEMFC performance at various altitudes, the system was tested and analyzed at 200 m, 3000 m and 4000 m respectively. The results showed that the power output of the PEMFC system decreases continuously as the altitude rises. The maximum current density reduced from 0.38 A/cm2 to 0.33 A/cm2 once intake preheating was used at cathode side at 3000 m altitude due to the lower humidity. Nevertheless, the maximum current density of the stack increased from 0.32 A/cm2 to 0.36 A/cm2 after intake air preheating at night of 4000 m with higher environment humidity. At the same time, the relatively precise model was developed to predict and estimate the PEMFC output performance on UAV under various altitudes based on the system simulation method with the maximum error below 5%, which was useful to accurately evaluate the cell performance.
关键词
质子交换膜燃料电池 /
电流密度 /
含水量 /
氧含量 /
性能评估
Key words
proton exchange membrane fuel cell /
current density /
water content /
oxygen content /
performance evaluation
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基金
国家自然科学基金（51706190）; 南充市-西南石油大学市校科技战略合作专项资金（23XNSYSX0008）
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