基于高时空分辨率风能资源数据库、地理空间规划数据库、风电机组机型数据库等,系统梳理中国海上风能资源储量评估的技术方法和技术流程,初步建立海上风电场宏观选址的综合评价方法体系,并利用地理信息系统（GIS）开展中国渤海和南海海域的风能资源储量估算。评估结果显示：南海风能资源较为丰富,年平均风速6.35~9.75 m/s,渤海多年平均风速相对较低,年平均风速6.30~7.70 m/s,两大海域风能资源可开发潜力均较大。渤海100 m高度的风能资源可开发量总量为526.8 GW,其中近海风能资源技术开发量约为353 GW,深远海风能资源技术开发量约为174 GW;南海海域广东、海南100 m高度的风能资源技术开发量分别为540.8、506.0 GW,其中近海分别为177.7、41.9 GW,深远海分别为363.1、464.2 GW;北部湾海域100m高度的风能资源技术开发量总量为63.3 GW、其中近海59.9 GW,深远海3.4 GW。截至2022年底,中国渤海、南海和北部湾各省区海上风电装机容量仅为技术可开发量的1.9%。
Abstract
The advancement of large-scale offshore wind power holds paramount importance in optimizing energy infrastructure, promoting sustainable energy distribution, and achieving the “double carbon” goal. In this study, we leverage high-resolution spatial and temporal wind energy resource databases, geospatial planning data, and wind turbine data to conduct a comprehensive assessment of offshore wind energy reserves. Our research involves a thorough review of technical methodologies and processes for evaluating offshore wind energy reserves, resulting in the preliminary establishment of a comprehensive evaluation method system for macroscopic site selection of offshore wind farms. Furthermore, we use Geographic Information System （GIS） tools to estimate wind energy reserves in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea. The findings reveal that the South China Sea boasts abundant wind energy resources, characterized by an annual average wind speed ranging from 6.35 to 9.75 m/s. In contrast, the Bohai Sea experiences comparatively lower wind speeds, with an annual average wind speed ranging from 6.30 to 7.70 m/s. Notably, both sea areas exhibit significant untapped potential for wind energy development. At a height of 100 meters in the Bohai Sea, the total exploitable capacity of wind energy resources is estimated at a remarkable 526.8 GW. This capacity is composed of 353 GW for offshore wind energy technology development and 174 GW for far-reaching sea wind energy technology advancement. Likewise, in the South China Sea, the research identifies substantial technical development potential. Specifically, Guangdong and Hainan provinces demonstrate capacities of 540.8 and 506.0 GW, respectively, at a 100 m height. These capacities include nearshore potentials of 177.7 and 41.9 GW, as well as deep-sea potentials of 363.1 and 464.2 GW. In the Beibu Gulf, our study unveils a wind energy resource potential of 63.3 GW at a 100 m height. This potential comprises 59.9 GW for offshore areas and 3.4 GW for deep-sea regions. Nevertheless, as of the end of 2021, the installed offshore wind power capacity in China’s Bohai Sea, South China Sea, and Beibu Gulf provinces represents only 1.3% of the technically exploitable capacity. This research yields valuable data, offering essential support for the development and utilization of offshore wind energy resources. The results underscore the substantial room for expansion in offshore wind power capacity in these regions, a critical step towards achieving energy optimization and the “double carbon” objectives.
关键词
海上风电 /
风能资源 /
数值模拟 /
宏观选址 /
储量
Key words
offshore wind farms /
wind energy resource /
numerical simulation /
macroscopic site selection /
reserves
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基金
中海油有限公司科技项目海上风电场开发技术研究（KJZX-2022-12-XNY-0100）; 国家自然科学基金（42175191）; 中国气象局创新发展专项碳排放提前达峰目标下重要部门和城市的气候风险研究（CXFZ2022J048）
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