气动稳定性对于浮式风力机的运行安全具有重要影响,该文采用升力线自由尾迹模型,通过气动功对浮式风力机纵荡过程中翼型及风轮的气动稳定性进行分析。结果表明,浮台的纵荡运动会造成翼型及风轮所受气动力的周期性波动,由此导致的气动阻尼会对风力机的气动稳定性产生影响。此外,来流风速也会对风力机的气动阻尼产生影响,当风速较大时叶片中段的翼型会进入深度失速状态,使翼型在一个纵荡周期内的气动功为负。在较宽的纵荡工况和来流风速范围内风轮均受到正气动阻尼作用,但随着纵荡频率和幅值的增加,风轮的气动阻比尼降低;当纵荡工况较为剧烈时,风力机会进入螺旋桨状态,其所受推力的方向会发生改变,增加风轮的气动功;此外在开启控制后,系统的变转速及变桨控制会改变叶片及风轮载荷的绝对值及波动幅值,从而影响风力机的气动功。
Abstract
Aerodynamic stability has significant effect on the safety of the floating offshore wind turbine's operation. In the present study, the lifting-line free vortex wake model is adopted to analyze the aerodynamic stability of the airfoil and the rotor under surge condition through the aerodynamic work. The results show that the loads of the airfoil and the rotor will fluctuate periodically due to the surge motion of the floating platform, and the resulting aerodynamic damping will affect the aerodynamic stability of the wind turbine. In addition, the inflow wind velocity will also affect the aerodynamic damping of the wind turbine. When the wind velocity is large enough, the airfoils of the middle part of the blade will enter the deep stall state, so that the aerodynamic work of the airfoil during a surge period is negative. The rotor is affected by positive aerodynamic damping in a wide range of surge conditions and inflow wind velocities, and the aerodynamic damping ratio of the rotor decreases with the increase of the surge frequency and amplitude. When the surge condition is relatively severe, the rotor will enter the propeller state and the thrust direction will change, thus increasing the aerodynamic work of the rotor. In addition, after the servo control is turned on, the variable-speed and variable-pitch control of the system will change the absolute value and fluctuation amplitude of the loads, thus affecting the aerodynamic work of the wind turbine.
关键词
浮式风力机 /
气动稳定性 /
阻尼 /
纵荡 /
气动功
Key words
offshore wind turbines /
aerodynamic stability /
damping /
surge motion /
aerodynamic work
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基金
中国长江三峡集团（202303058）; Ⅳ类高峰能源科学与技术学科资助项目
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