并网前大型风力机在不同风向下产生大幅振动的现象较为普遍,该文探讨该现象的机理及其抑振措施。以NREL 5 MW风力机为研究对象,基于计算流体动力学（CFD）和多体动力学方法,建立偏航风向下风力机涡激振动的全耦合仿真模型,对其流场特性与结构响应特性进行机理性分析。结果表明：在0°~90°的风向范围内,叶片与塔筒的尾涡的相互干扰和合并现象显著,导致叶片叶尖位移与叶根剪切力增大,且塔筒的阻力系数均值与孤立塔筒情况下存在较大差异。偏航风向为40°~50°时,风力机的涡激振动尤为严重,极端风况下塔顶位移在50°时出现最大值,约为0.97 m。通过安装调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）来抑制涡激振动,研究发现TMD大幅度降低了风力机的特征频率振动的功率谱密度,可使塔顶位移最大减少约30.8%。
Abstract
It is common for large wind turbines to produce large vibration under different wind directions before grid connection. This paper delves into the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon and proposes measures for its suppression. Based on computational fluid dynamics （CFD） and multi-body dynamics method, a fully coupled simulation model of vortex-induced vibration of the NREL 5 MW wind turbine under yaw wind direction is established. The flow field characteristics and structural response characteristics are analyzed mechanically. The results show that in the wind direction range of 0°-90°, the mutual interference and merging of the wake vortex between the blade and the tower are significant, which leads to the increase of the blade tip displacement and the blade root shear force, and the mean drag coefficient of the tower is quite different from that of the isolated tower. When the yaw wind direction is from 40° to 50°, the vortex-induced vibration of the wind turbine becomes particularly severe, and the maximum displacement of the tower top occurs at 50°, reaching approximately 0.97 m. By installing tuned mass damper （TMD） to suppress vortex-induced vibration, it is found that TMD greatly reduces the power spectral density of the characteristic frequency vibration of the wind turbine, and reduces the displacement of the tower top by about 30.8 %.
关键词
风力机 /
塔筒 /
涡脱落 /
偏航 /
涡激振动 /
调谐质量阻尼器
Key words
wind turbines /
towers /
vortex shedding /
yaw /
vortex-induced vibration /
tuned mass damper（TMD）
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52376179; 51876054; 12102125）; 江苏省研究生科研创新基金（KYCX23_0678）
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