基于燃料电池二阶RC等效电路,结合内阻特性和电气输出特性,分析电堆发电的能量转换过程,建立燃料电池堆发电效率模型,研究操作条件、内阻特性与发电效率之间的变化规律。提出以堆内直流总内阻最小为优化目标、功率跟踪为约束条件的最优功率点优化控制方法,获得电堆在不同负载需求功率输出下的最优操作条件,实现最优性能输出。通过电堆的I-V特性和交流阻抗特性实验验证模型和方法的有效可靠性。研究结果表明：堆内直流总内阻最小时对应的操作条件最优,发电效率提高;负载跟踪状态下,通过最优功率点优化控制方法求解得到的最优操作条件,能提升燃料电池堆的输出性能和发电效率,方法有效可靠。
Abstract
Based on the second-order RC equivalent circuit of fuel cells, combined with internal resistance characteristics and electrical output characteristics, the energy conversion process of fuel cell stack power generation is analyzed, and a fuel cell stack power generation efficiency model is established to study the variation law among operating conditions, internal resistance characteristics, and power generation efficiency. An optimal power point control method is proposed, which takes the minimum total internal resistance in the reactor as the optimization objective and power tracking as the constraint condition, The optimal operating conditions of the stack under different load demand power output are obtained to achieve the optimal performance output. The effectiveness and reliability of the model and method through experiments on the I-V characteristics and AC impedance characteristics of the fuel cell stack are verified. The research results indicate that the minimum total internal resistance of DC in the reactor corresponds to the optimal operating conditions, and the power generation efficiency is improved. Under load tracking state, the optimal operating conditions obtained through the optimal power point optimization control method can improve the output performance and power generation efficiency of fuel cell stacks, and the method is effective and reliable.
关键词
燃料电池 /
效率 /
优化 /
操作条件 /
负载跟踪
Key words
fuel cells /
efficiency /
optimization /
operation conditions /
load tracking
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] TAN J Q, HU H Q, LIU S N, et al.Optimization of PEMFC system operating conditions based on neural network and PSO to achieve the best system performance[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2022, 47(84): 35790-35809.
[2] TANER T.The novel and innovative design with using H2 fuel of PEM fuel cell: efficiency of thermodynamic analyze[J]. Fuel, 2021, 302: 121109.
[3] BAYAT M, MEHMET Ö.Effects of leak current density and doping level on energetic, exergetic and ecological performance of a high-temperature PEM fuel cell[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2023, 48(60): 23212-23229.
[4] LI Y J, LI D X, MA Z S, et al.Thermodynamic modeling and performance analysis of vehicular high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell system[J]. Membranes, 2022, 12(1): 72.
[5] KUMAR R, SUBRAMANIAN K A.Enhancement of efficiency and power output of hydrogen fuelled proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell using oxygen enriched air[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2023, 48(15): 6067-6075.
[6] CHEN X, XU J H, LIU Q, et al.Active disturbance rejection control strategy applied to cathode humidity control in PEMFC system[J]. Energy conversion and management, 2020, 224: 113389.
[7] HU D H, WANG Y T, LI J W, et al.Investigation of optimal operating temperature for the PEMFC and its tracking control for energy saving in vehicle applications[J]. Energy conversion and management, 2021, 249: 114842.
[8] BIZON N.Real-time optimization strategies of fuel cell hybrid power systems based on load-following control: a new strategy, and a comparative study of topologies and fuel economy obtained[J]. Applied energy, 2019, 241: 444-460.
[9] 王怡戈, 李航越, 吕泽伟, 等. 工业尺寸固体氧化物燃料电池高效及阳极安全运行条件研究[J]. 化学学报, 2022, 80(8): 1091-1101.
WANG Y G, LI H Y, LYU Z W, et al.Study of operating conditions for high efficiency and anode safety of industrial-size solid oxide fuel cell[J]. Acta chimica sinica, 2022, 80(8): 1091-1101.
[10] SALVA J A, IRANZO A, ROSA F, et al.Optimization of a PEM fuel cell operating conditions: obtaining the maximum performance polarization curve[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2016, 41(43): 19713-19723.
[11] OU K, YUAN W W, CHOI M, et al.Performance increase for an open-cathode PEM fuel cell with humidity and temperature control[J]. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2017, 42(50): 29852-29862.
[12] 高志, 蔡慧, 卫东, 等. 水冷型PEMFC输出特性建模与仿真分析[J]. 太阳能学报, 2019, 40(5): 1472-1480.
GAO Z, CAI H, WEI D, et al.Water-cooling PEMFC output characteristic modeling and simulation analysis[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2019, 40(5): 1472-1480.
[13] TANG X W, ZHANG Y J, XU S C.Temperature sensitivity characteristics of PEM fuel cell and output performance improvement based on optimal active temperature control[J]. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2023, 206: 123966.
[14] NGUYEN H L, KIM Y, PARK J, et al.Operating strategy optimization by response surface analysis for durable operation of a heavy-duty fuel cell truck[J]. Energy conversion and management, 2023, 291: 117295.
[15] XIA Z P, ZHAO D Q, LI Y Z, et al.Control-oriented dynamic process optimization of solid oxide electrolysis cell system with the gas characteristic regarding oxygen electrode delamination[J]. Applied energy, 2023, 332: 120490.
[16] 陈国泽, 卫东, 郭倩, 等. 负载跟踪状态下的铝空气电池堆最优功率点优化方法[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3533-3542.
CHEN G Z, WEI D, GUO Q, et al.Optimal power point optimization method for aluminum-air batteries under load tracking condition[J]. CIESC journal, 2023, 74(8): 3533-3542.
[17] TANG Z P, HUANG Q A, WANG Y J, et al.Recent progress in the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the measurement, monitoring, diagnosis and optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance[J]. Journal of power sources, 2020, 468: 228361.
[18] 王茹, 沈永超, 卫东, 等. 基于直流内阻和交流阻抗特性的PEMFC水管理状态分析[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3247-3257.
WANG R, SHEN Y C, WEI D, et al.Analysis of PEMFC water management status based on DC internal resistance and AC impedance characteristics[J]. CIESC journal, 2020, 71(7): 3247-3257.
[19] 肖仰淦, 吴肖龙, 李曦. 基于ADRC的PEMFC系统阴极相对湿度和氧气过量比控制[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(12): 499-509.
XIAO Y G, WU X L, LI X.Control of cathode relative humidity and oxygen excess ratio in PEMFC system based on ADRC[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2023, 44(12): 499-509.
[20] 刘志恩, 罗玉兰, 周辉, 等. 燃料电池空气系统增湿器建模与仿真[J]. 太阳能学报, 2022, 43(8): 504-509.
LIU Z E, LUO Y L, ZHOU H, et al.Modeling and simulation of humidifier for fuel cell air system[J]. Acta energiae solaris sinica, 2022, 43(8): 504-509.
[21] WANG J, XU Z F, CHU X Q, et al.Multiport PDN optimization with the Newton-hessian minimization method[J]. IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2021, 69(4): 2098-2109.
[22] KAUCIC M, PICCOTTO F, SBAIZ G, et al.A hybrid level-based learning swarm algorithm with mutation operator for solving large-scale cardinality-constrained portfolio optimization problems[J]. Information sciences, 2023, 634: 321-339.
[23] LIAO J Q, QIU G Q, HUANG Y S, et al.Lagrange-multiplier-based control method to optimize efficiency for four-switch buck-boost converter over whole operating range[J]. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, 2024, 71(1): 822-833.
基金
浙江省基础公益研究计划（LGG22E070003; LGG20E070003）
PDF(4621 KB)
