为探究加氢站泄漏后氢气扩散规律,制定相关防护措施,以宁波市某规划中加氢站为研究对象,使用CFD仿真软件Ansys Fluent,对不同外界环境条件影响下的氢气泄漏扩散进行了仿真模拟。结果表明,风对氢气泄漏扩散的影响极大：风速越大,形成的氢云体积越小,且更快达到稳态;建筑物、设备等会在一定程度上偏转风向、降低风速,此种情况下,形成的氢云体积略大,但仍小于无风状况;氢气容易在站房与顶棚交接处、加氢机上方积聚,在这些位置附近设置氢气传感器,可有效对泄漏的氢气进行报警,降低加氢站潜在风险。基于所构建模型,提出一套氢气传感器布置方案,该研究中案例全部报警成功。当风向与泄漏方向垂直时,形成的氢云体积较小,相对较难检测,可能会报警不及时,建议在此处增加人员巡视,或增设移动式报警装置。
Abstract
In order to explore the hydrogen diffusion law after hydrogen refueling station leakage and formulate corresponding protective measures, taking a planned hydrogen refueling station in Ningbo city as the research object, the CFD simulation software Ansys Fluent was used to simulate the hydrogen leakage diffusion under various external environmental conditions. Results indicate that wind has a significant impact on the leakage and diffusion of hydrogen: higher wind speeds correspond to smaller volume of hydrogen cloud formed and faster attainment of steady state. Structural elements such as buildings and equipment can redirect wind and reduce its speed to some extent. In such cases, the volume of formed hydrogen cloud is slightly larger but still smaller than under windless conditions. Hydrogen tends to accumulate at areas such as the junction of the station and the roof, as well as above the hydrogen dispenser. Placement of hydrogen sensors near these locations enables effective leak detection, reducing potential risks at hydrogen refueling station. Based on the constructed model, a layout scheme for hydrogen sensors is proposed, ensuring successful alarms in all studied scenarios. When wind direction is perpendicular to the direction of the leak, the volume of hydrogen cloud formed is small and detection may be relatively challenging, potentially leading to delayed alarms. Hence, it is suggested to increase personnel patrols or deploy additional mobile alarm devices in these areas.
关键词
氢燃料 /
泄漏 /
风效应 /
泄漏检测 /
数值模拟：浓度分布
Key words
hydrogen fuel /
leakage /
wind effect /
leak detection /
numerical simulation /
concentration distribution
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基金
永耀集团科技创新基金（KJXM2022037）
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