基于涡声理论的分析方法,对兆瓦级风电机组叶片气动噪声的产生机理进行研究。首先,对风电机组叶片和流场区域进行建模和网格划分,应用计算流体力学（CFD）数值模拟计算的方式对风电机组气动噪声的指向性进行分析,并通过试验验证,得出风电机组气动噪声为偶极子特性,以验证数值模拟的准确性。然后,对数值模拟计算的流场与声场分布情况进行分析和对比,研究风电机组叶片气动噪声产生的主要成因。结果表明,风电机组叶片的气动噪声声源主要分布在叶片展向方向上65%~95%跨段内。同时,风电机组叶片气动噪声的声源主要由流体运动引起的涡旋运动所导致的,在叶片跨段65%~95%的范围内涡旋运动的分布规律与叶片气动噪声的分布规律十分吻合。
Abstract
Based on the vortex sound theory, the generation mechanism of turbine blade aerodynamic noise from wind turbine blades is studied. In this paper, wind turbine blades and flow field regions are modeled and meshed, and the directivity of wind turbine aerodynamic noise is analyzed by computational fluid dynamics（CFD） numerical simulation. Through test verification, it is concluded that wind turbine aerodynamic noise is a dipole characteristic, and the accuracy of numerical simulation is verified. Then, the distribution of flow field and sound field calculated by numerical simulation are analyzed and compared, and the main causes of wind turbine blade aerodynamic noise are studied. The results show that the aerodynamic noise sources of wind turbine blades are mainly distributed in 65%~95% span of the blade spanwise direction. At the same time, the sound source of wind turbine blade aerodynamic noise is mainly caused by vortex movement caused by fluid movement, and the distribution pattern of vortex movement in the range of 65%~95% of blade span is very consistent with the distribution law of blade aerodynamic noise.
关键词
气动噪声 /
风电机组 /
风电叶片 /
涡声理论 /
涡旋运动 /
偶极子 /
数值模拟
Key words
aerodynamic noise /
wind turbines /
wind turbine blades /
vortex sound theory /
vortex motion /
dipole characteristic /
numerical simulation
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基金
国家自然科学基金（51875198）; 湖南省教育厅重点项目（23A0360）; 湘潭市科技局科技攻关项目（GX-YB20221004）
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