基于模态加速度法,在FAST软件中开发了海上风力机地震载荷计算模型,实现了风-浪-地震联合作用下风力机一体化耦合仿真,计算了不同环境工况下IEA 22 MW单桩海上风力机动力学响应,定量分析了地震激励对风轮载荷、塔顶振动和支撑结构载荷的影响程度,结果表明地震会显著增大机舱振动加速度,最高可达7.7倍,对塔顶位移极限值影响较小,但会增大塔顶侧向位移变化,且由于缺乏气动阻尼耗散,振动幅度衰减速度较慢;与低容量海上风力机不同,地震载荷对22 MW单桩风力机桩基载荷几乎无影响,进行基础初步设计时可忽略地震载荷的作用。
Abstract
Based on the modal acceleration method, a calculation model for seismic loads of offshore wind turbines was developed in the FAST software. The integrated coupling simulation of wind turbines under the combined action of wind, waves and earthquakes was realized, and the dynamic mechanical responses of IEA 22 MW single-pile offshore wind turbines under different environmental conditions were calculated. The influence degree of seismic excitation on wind turbine load, tower top vibration and support structure load was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that earthquakes can significantly increase the vibration acceleration of the nacelle by up to 7.7 times, have a relatively small impact on the displacement limit value at the top of the tower, but increase the lateral displacement change at the top of the tower. Moreover, due to the lack of aerodynamic damping dissipation, the attenuation rate of the vibration amplitude is relatively slow. Earthquake loadings have insignificant influence on the mudline bending moments of the 22 MW wind turbine support structure, which is completely different from lower-capacity wind turbines. It implies that the earthquake excitation can be ignored in the early stage of the support structure design.
关键词
海上风力机 /
地震影响 /
动力学响应 /
风-地震耦合
Key words
offshore wind turbines /
earthquake effects /
dynamic response /
wind-earthquake coupling
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52301343）; 浙江省自然科学基金（LQ23E090003）; 中国博士后科学基金（2022M722960）; 浙江省博士后科研择优资助项目（ZJ2022001）
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