为研究切变湍流对风力机尾迹恢复特性的影响规律,采用热线风速仪在风洞闭口段分别采集自由流、均匀湍流及切变湍流入流时风力机下游尾迹数据。通过对比3种入流工况下水平轴风力机轴向速度和湍流强度等物理量,解析均匀湍流、切变湍流耦合塔影效应对风力机尾迹恢复特性的影响。结果表明：均匀湍流时尾迹速度恢复最快,自由入流次之,切变湍流入流最慢;对于尾迹湍流强度恢复能力依次为均匀湍流最快,切变湍流次之,自由入流最慢。湍流强度增加会促进尾迹恢复,但风切变和塔影效应则会起抑制作用;均匀湍流耦合塔影效应会促进尾迹中心下移,而切变湍流耦合塔影效应则会延缓该趋势,说明风切变对尾迹偏斜的影响比塔影效应更显著。
Abstract
To investigate the influence of shear turbulence on the wake recovery characteristics of wind turbines, a hot-wire anemometer was used to collect data on the wake downstream of a wind turbine under conditions of free flow, uniform turbulence, and shear turbulence in a closed wind tunnel section. By comparing the axial velocity and turbulence intensity of a horizontal-axis wind turbine under three inflow conditions, the effects of uniform turbulence and shear turbulence coupled with tower shadow effects on wake recovery characteristics were analyzed. The results indicate that the wake velocity recovers fastest under uniform turbulence, followed by free flow, with the slowest recovery observed under shear turbulence inflow. Regarding the recovery of wake turbulence intensity, uniform turbulence again exhibits the fastest recovery, followed by shear turbulence, and finally free flow with the slowest recovery. Increased turbulence intensity promotes wake recovery, while wind shear and tower shadow effects inhibit it. Uniform turbulence coupled with tower shadow effects promotes a downward shift in the wake center, whereas shear turbulence coupled with tower shadow effects delays this trend. This indicates that wind shear has a more significant impact on wake skewness than that of the tower shadow effect.
关键词
水平轴风力机 /
切变湍流 /
尾迹恢复 /
塔影效应 /
热线风速仪 /
风洞实验
Key words
horizontal axis wind turbine /
shear turbulence /
wake recovery /
tower shadow effect /
hot-wire anemometer /
wind tunnel experiment
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基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金（2024MS05068）
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