该文基于中尺度气象研究与预报（WRF）模式和计算流体动力学（CFD）技术,构建一种适用于复杂山地风电场非定常流动仿真的新型中-微尺度耦合技术。特别地,由于中尺度、微尺度模拟时采用不同的地形分辨率,该文提出一种中-微尺度地形融合方法确保边界数据跨尺度传递时的高保真性。以中国山西和云南境内两处风电场为研究对象,首先分析地形融合方法对于跨尺度数据传递的影响,然后研究复杂山地风电场内地形对风速廓线的影响,最后分析风电场机组布置策略。结果表明,该文技术可有效反映中尺度大气条件和微尺度地形地貌等因素对于风资源分布的影响;相比于中尺度WRF方法,新型WRF-CFD耦合技术可将风速模拟的平均绝对误差控制在1 m/s以内。该文技术也可进一步用于山地风电场机组载荷评估和运行控制研究。
Abstract
In this paper, a newly coupled meso-micro-scale technique is constructed based on the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model and Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） technology, which is applicable to the simulation of unsteady flow in wind farms in complex terrain. In particular, due to the different terrain resolutions used in mesoscale and microscale simulations, the paper proposes a meso-microscale terrain blending method to ensure high fidelity in the cross-scale transfer of boundary data. Taking two wind farms in Shanxi and Yunnan as examples, the impact of the terrain blending method on mesoscale data transmission is firstly analyzed, then the impact of the terrain on the wind profile in complex mountain wind farms is investigated, and finally, the strategy of wind turbine layout in wind farms is analyzed. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reflect the influence of mesoscale atmospheric conditions and microscale topography on wind resource distribution; compared with the WRF simulation method, the WRF-CFD method can control the mean absolute error of wind speed simulation within 1 m/s. The method can be further utilized for the load evaluation and operation control of wind turbines in complex terrain.
关键词
风电场 /
CFD /
边界条件 /
中-微尺度耦合 /
地形融合
Key words
wind farm /
CFD /
boundary condition /
meso-micro-scale coupling /
terrain blending
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基金
国家重点研发计划（2022YFB4201200）; 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划培育项目（92252103）; 江苏省卓越博士后计划（2023ZB383）
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