单晶硅光伏系统全生命周期评价

骆钊; 喻品钦; 王华; 梁河森; 李家浩; 郑丽

doi:10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1022

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太阳能学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (10) : 237-243. DOI: 10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1022

单晶硅光伏系统全生命周期评价

骆钊¹, 喻品钦¹, 王华², 梁河森¹, 李家浩³, 郑丽¹

作者信息 +

FULL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

Luo Zhao¹, Yu Pinqin¹, Wang Hua², Liang Hesen¹, Li Jiahao³, Zheng Li¹

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文章历史 +

摘要

为评估单晶硅光伏系统全生命周期环境影响,采用生命周期评价（LCA）方法,对1 kW单晶硅光伏系统的生产环节、运输环节、运行环节、回收环节的能源消耗和碳排放进行分析评价。结果表明：1 kW单晶硅光伏系统安装在昆明的全生命周期能源消耗量为992.08 kWh,碳排放为2033.24 kg,能量回收期和碳排放回收期分别为0.90、16.96 a,都小于光伏系统的使用寿命;能源消耗和碳排放主要集中在生产环节,在生产环节中,太阳能级多晶硅生产能源消耗和碳排放占比最大,其次是平衡组件生产和单晶硅片生产;改进太阳能级多晶硅、平衡组件和单晶硅片的生产技术,提高废弃光伏系统的回收效率是减少能源消耗和碳排放的关键。此外,运输距离和安装地点会对能量回收期和碳排放回收期产生影响。

Abstract

In order to assess environmental impact throughout the full life cycle of the monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic system, a life cycle assessment （LCA） method was used to analyze and evaluate the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the production, transportation, operation and recycling stages of the 1 kW monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic system. The results show that the whole life cycle energy consumption of the 1 kW monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic system installed in Kunming is 992.08 kWh, with carbon emissions of 2033.24 kg. The energy payback period and carbon payback period are 0.90 and 16.96 years, respectively, both of which are shorter than the system’s operational lifespan. Energy consumption and carbon emissions are primarily concentrated in the production stage, with the production of solar-grade polysilicon having the largest share, followed by the production of balance-of-system components and monocrystalline silicon wafers. Improving the production technologies for solar-grade polysilicon, balance-of-system components, and monocrystalline silicon wafers, as well as enhancing the recycling efficiency of discarded photovoltaic systems, is key to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions. Additionally, transportation distance and installation location can impact the energy payback period and carbon payback period.

导出引用

骆钊, 喻品钦, 王华, 梁河森, 李家浩, 郑丽. 单晶硅光伏系统全生命周期评价[J]. 太阳能学报. 2025, 46(10): 237-243 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1022

Luo Zhao, Yu Pinqin, Wang Hua, Liang Hesen, Li Jiahao, Zheng Li. FULL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica. 2025, 46(10): 237-243 https://doi.org/10.19912/j.0254-0096.tynxb.2024-1022

中图分类号： TM615

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