为探究偏航对风力机气动噪声影响的规律,以NREL 5 MW作为研究对象,通过半经验模型方法计算分析未偏航和以+z为轴逆时针旋转5°、10°、20°下近尾迹区域的声场指向性、声辐射频谱特性、声传播特性、调幅噪声指向性及调幅噪声随叶片方位角位置的变化。研究结果表明：声源指向随偏航旋转,声压水平及频谱特性基本不变,声压峰值集中在中低频段;轴向及径向上的噪声随偏航加速衰减,但轴向上噪声有所提升;调幅噪声与声源指向规律相反,最大值在侧风向上;偏航可使侧风向调幅噪声降低2~6 dB。故可通过调整偏航角度来减少特定风向下的声级与调幅噪声强度。
Abstract
To investigate yaw's influence on aerodynamic noise, the NREL 5MW was studied using a semi-empirical model to analyze sound field directionality, sound radiation spectrum, sound propagation, and amplitude modulation noise in the near wake region under zero yaw and counterclockwise rotations of 5°, 10°, and 20°around the +z axis. Results show that yaw rotates the sound source direction, with sound pressure level and spectral characteristics largely unchanged. Peak sound pressure level is in the mid-to-low frequency range; axial and radial noise attenuates with yaw, but axial noise increases. Amplitude modulation noise is strongest in the crosswind direction, opposite the sound source, and yaw can reduce cross wind amplitude modulation noise by 2-6 dB. Therefore, the sound level and amplitude modulation noise intensity under specific wind directions can be reduced by adjusting the yaw angle.
关键词
风力机 /
气动声学 /
偏航 /
声压级 /
方位角
Key words
wind turbine /
aeroacoustics /
yaw /
sound pressure level /
azimuth angle
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基金
国家自然科学基金（52376179; 52406233）; 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金（2025MS05034）
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