建筑围护结构外表面换热系数（ht）是热工计算的基本参数,而高原地区独特的气候条件使其与低海拔地区常规取值存在较大差异。为确定高海拔地区ht的测量方法和计算取值,利用萘升华法以及辐射简化理论对拉萨地区某展览馆建筑的外表面对流换热系数（hc）、辐射换热系数（hr）分别进行实测,并基于典型年气象数据计算得到ht全年逐时值。结果表明,萘升华法实测误差为4.3%,在拉萨地区具有适用性。实测建筑hc范围为2.22~20.33 W/（m2·K）,且水平面测量值高于垂直面0.86 W/（m2·K）,与风速呈线性相关关系;hr范围为4.50~5.61 W/（m2·K）,变化较小,推荐取平均值4.88 W/（m2·K）。考虑拉萨地区实际风速和辐射条件,计算得到的全年ht值频率最高范围为10.00~15.00 W/（m2·K）,冬季、夏季平均值分别为15.63、16.69 W/（m2·K）,均小于规范推荐取值18.00 W/（m2·K）。
Abstract
The heat transfer coefficient of the external surface of building envelope （ht） is a fundamental parameter in thermal calculations. However, the unique climatic conditions in high-altitude regions result in significant deviations in ht compared to standard values used for low-altitude areas. To determine the measurement methods and calculation values of ht in high-altitude areas, this study employed the naphthalene sublimation method and simplified radiation theory to measure the convective heat transfer coefficient （hc） and radiative heat transfer coefficient （hr） of the external surface of an exhibition hall in Lhasa. Based on typical annual meteorological data, the hourly values of ht for the entire year are calculated. The results demonstrate that the naphthalene sublimation method has a measurement error of 4.3%, confirming its applicability in Lhasa. The measured hc ranges from 2.22 to 20.33 W/（m2·K）, with horizontal surfaces exhibiting values 0.86 W/（m2·K） higher than vertical surfaces, showing a linear correlation with wind speed. The hrranges from 4.50 to 5.61 W/（m2·K）, with small variation, and an average value of 4.88 W/（m2·K） is recommended. Considering the actual wind speed and radiation conditions in Lhasa, the calculated annual ht values most frequently fall within the range of 10.00-15.00 W/（m2·K）, with winter and summer averages of 15.63 and 16.69 W/（m2·K）, respectively, both of which are lower than the standard recommended value of 18.00 W/（m2·K）.
关键词
换热系数 /
对流 /
辐射 /
高海拔地区 /
萘升华
Key words
heat transfer coefficient /
convection /
radiation /
high altitude /
naphthalene sublimatio
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基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3802700）
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